New to KubeDB? Please start here.

Database Snapshots

This tutorial will show you how to take snapshots of a KubeDB managed MySQL database.

Note: The yaml files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/mysql folder in GitHub repository kubedb/cli.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using Minikube.
Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.

StorageClass is required to run KubeDB. Check the available StorageClass in cluster.

$ kubectl get storageclasses
NAME                 PROVISIONER                AGE
standard (default)   k8s.io/minikube-hostpath   4h

A MySQL database is needed to take snapshot for this tutorial. To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial. Run the following command to prepare your cluster for this tutorial:
```
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

$ kubedb create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/cli/0.12.0/docs/examples/mysql/snapshot/demo-1.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/mysql-infant created
```

Instant Backups

You can easily take a snapshot of MySQL database by creating a Snapshot object. When a Snapshot object is created, KubeDB operator will launch a Job that runs the mysql dump command and uploads the output bson file to various cloud providers S3, GCS, Azure, OpenStack Swift and/or locally mounted volumes using osm.

In this tutorial, snapshots will be stored in a Google Cloud Storage (GCS) bucket. To do so, a secret is needed that has the following 2 keys:

Key	Description
`GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID`	`Required`. Google Cloud project ID
`GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY`	`Required`. Google Cloud service account json key

$ echo -n '<your-project-id>' > GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
$ mv downloaded-sa-json.key > GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
$ kubectl create secret generic my-snap-secret -n demo \
    --from-file=./GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID \
    --from-file=./GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
secret/my-snap-secret created

$ kubectl get secret my-snap-secret -n demo -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID: PHlvdX....1pZD4=
  GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY: ewogICJ0eXBlIjogInN...9tIgp9Cg==
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2018-02-09T12:02:08Z
  name: my-snap-secret
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "30349"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/demo/secrets/my-snap-secret
  uid: 0dccee80-0d91-11e8-9091-08002751ae8c
type: Opaque

To lean how to configure other storage destinations for Snapshots, please visit here. Now, create the Snapshot object.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb-qa

$ kubedb create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/cli/0.12.0/docs/examples/mysql/snapshot/demo-2.yaml
snapshot.kubedb.com/snap-mysql-infant created

$ kubedb get snap -n demo
NAME                DATABASENAME   STATUS    AGE
snap-mysql-infant   mysql-infant   Running   13s

$ kubedb get snap -n demo snap-mysql-infant -o yaml
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2019-02-07T10:03:04Z"
  finalizers:
  - kubedb.com
  generation: 1
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
    kubedb.com/name: mysql-infant
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "33763"
  selfLink: /apis/kubedb.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/demo/snapshots/snap-mysql-infant
  uid: 8f6d99b6-2abf-11e9-9d44-080027154f61
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb-qa
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
status:
  completionTime: "2019-02-07T10:03:15Z"
  phase: Succeeded
  startTime: "2019-02-07T10:03:04Z"

Here,

metadata.labels should include the type of database kubedb.com/kind: MySQL whose snapshot will be taken.
spec.databaseName points to the database whose snapshot is taken.
spec.storageSecretName points to the Secret containing the credentials for snapshot storage destination.
spec.gcs.bucket points to the bucket name used to store the snapshot data.

You can also run the kubedb describe command to see the recent snapshots taken for a database.

$ kubedb describe my -n demo mysql-infant
Name:               mysql-infant
Namespace:          demo
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:02:40 +0600
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        <none>
Replicas:           1  total
Status:             Running
  StorageType:      Durable
Volume:
  StorageClass:  standard
  Capacity:      1Gi
  Access Modes:  RWO

StatefulSet:          
  Name:               mysql-infant
  CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:02:40 +0600
  Labels:               kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                        kubedb.com/name=mysql-infant
  Annotations:        <none>
  Replicas:           824639341548 desired | 1 total
  Pods Status:        1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed

Service:        
  Name:         mysql-infant
  Labels:         kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                  kubedb.com/name=mysql-infant
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           10.96.188.33
  Port:         db  3306/TCP
  TargetPort:   db/TCP
  Endpoints:    172.17.0.7:3306

Database Secret:
  Name:         mysql-infant-auth
  Labels:         kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                  kubedb.com/name=mysql-infant
  Annotations:  <none>
  
Type:  Opaque
  
Data
====
  password:  16 bytes
  username:  4 bytes

Snapshots:
  Name               Bucket        StartTime                        CompletionTime                   Phase
  ----               ------        ---------                        --------------                   -----
  snap-mysql-infant  gs:kubedb-qa  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:03:04 +0600  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:03:15 +0600  Succeeded

Events:
  Type    Reason              Age   From             Message
  ----    ------              ----  ----             -------
  Normal  Successful          57s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created Service
  Normal  Successful          50s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful          50s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created MySQL
  Normal  Successful          50s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created appbinding
  Normal  Successful          50s   KubeDB operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful          50s   KubeDB operator  Successfully patched MySQL
  Normal  Starting            31s   KubeDB operator  Backup running
  Normal  SuccessfulSnapshot  22s   KubeDB operator  Successfully completed snapshot

Once the snapshot Job is complete, you should see the output of the mysql dump command stored in the GCS bucket.

snapshot-console

From the above image, you can see that the snapshot output is stored in a folder called {bucket}/kubedb/{namespace}/{mysql-object}/{snapshot}/.

Restore from Snapshot

You can create a new database from a previously taken Snapshot. Specify the Snapshot name in the spec.init.snapshotSource field of a new MySQL object. See the example mysql-recovered object below:

Note: MySQL mysql-recovered must have same superuser credentials as MySQL mysql-infant.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: mysql-recovered
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "8.0-v2"
  databaseSecret:
    secretName: mysql-infant-auth
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  init:
    snapshotSource:
      name: snap-mysql-infant
      namespace: demo

$ kubedb create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/cli/0.12.0/docs/examples/mysql/snapshot/demo-3.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/mysql-recovered created

Here,

spec.init.snapshotSource.name refers to a Snapshot object for a MySQL database in the same namespaces as this new mysql-recovered MySQL object.

Now, wait several seconds. KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet. Then KubeDB operator launches a Kubernetes Job to initialize the new database using the data from snap-mysql-infant Snapshot.

$ kubedb get my -n demo
NAME              VERSION   STATUS         AGE
mysql-infant      8.0-v2    Running        27m
mysql-recovered   8.0-v2    Initializing   5m

$ kubedb get my -n demo
NAME              VERSION   STATUS    AGE
mysql-infant      8.0-v2    Running   31m
mysql-recovered   8.0-v2    Running   9m

$ kubedb describe my -n demo mysql-recovered
Name:               mysql-recovered
Namespace:          demo
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:04:04 +0600
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        kubedb.com/initialized=
Replicas:           1  total
Status:             Running
  StorageType:      Durable
Volume:
  StorageClass:  standard
  Capacity:      1Gi
  Access Modes:  RWO

StatefulSet:          
  Name:               mysql-recovered
  CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 07 Feb 2019 16:04:05 +0600
  Labels:               kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                        kubedb.com/name=mysql-recovered
  Annotations:        <none>
  Replicas:           824639093276 desired | 1 total
  Pods Status:        1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed

Service:        
  Name:         mysql-recovered
  Labels:         kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                  kubedb.com/name=mysql-recovered
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           10.99.68.200
  Port:         db  3306/TCP
  TargetPort:   db/TCP
  Endpoints:    172.17.0.8:3306

Database Secret:
  Name:         mysql-infant-auth
  Labels:         kubedb.com/kind=MySQL
                  kubedb.com/name=mysql-infant
  Annotations:  <none>
  
Type:  Opaque
  
Data
====
  password:  16 bytes
  username:  4 bytes

No Snapshots.

Events:
  Type    Reason                Age   From             Message
  ----    ------                ----  ----             -------
  Normal  Successful            30s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created Service
  Normal  Successful            27s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful            27s   KubeDB operator  Successfully created MySQL
  Normal  Initializing          26s   KubeDB operator  Initializing from Snapshot: "snap-mysql-infant"
  Normal  Successful            26s   KubeDB operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful            26s   KubeDB operator  Successfully patched MySQL
  Normal  SuccessfulInitialize  6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully completed initialization
  Normal  Successful            6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful            6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully patched MySQL
  Normal  Successful            6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully created appbinding
  Normal  Successful            6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful            6s    KubeDB operator  Successfully patched MySQL

Customizing Snapshot

You can customize pod template spec and volume claim spec for the backup and restore jobs. For details options read this doc.

Some common customization sample is shown below.

Specify PVC Template:

Backup and recovery job needs a temporary storage to hold dump files before it can be uploaded to cloud backend or inserted into database. By default, KubeDB reads storage specification from spec.storage section of database crd and creates PVC with similar specification for backup or recovery job. However, if you want to specify custom PVC template, you can do it through spec.podVolumeClaimSpec field of Snapshot crd. This is particularly helpful when you want to use different storageclass for backup or recovery job than the database.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podVolumeClaimSpec:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi # make sure size is larger or equal than your database size

Specify Resources for Backup/Recovery Job:

You can specify resources for backup or recovery job through spec.podTemplate.spec.resources field.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      resources:
        requests:
          memory: "64Mi"
          cpu: "250m"
        limits:
          memory: "128Mi"
          cpu: "500m"

Provide Annotation for Backup/Recovery Job:

If you need to add some annotations to backup or recovery job, you can specify this in spec.podTemplate.controller.annotations. You can also specify annotation for the pod created by backup or recovery job through spec.podTemplate.annotations field.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    annotations:
      passMe: ToBackupJobPod
    controller:
      annotations:
        passMe: ToBackupJob

Pass Arguments to Backup/Recovery Job:

KubeDB also allows to pass extra arguments for backup or recovery job. You can provide these arguments through spec.podTemplate.spec.args field of Snapshot crd.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      args:
      - --extra-args-to-backup-command

Customizing Snapshot

You can customize pod template spec and volume claim spec for backup and restore jobs. For details options read this doc.

Some common customization examples are shown below:

Specify PVC Template:

Backup and recovery jobs use temporary storage to hold dump files before it can be uploaded to cloud backend or restored into database. By default, KubeDB reads storage specification from spec.storage section of database crd and creates a PVC with similar specification for backup or recovery job. However, if you want to specify a custom PVC template, you can do it via spec.podVolumeClaimSpec field of Snapshot crd. This is particularly helpful when you want to use different storageclass for backup or recovery jobs and the database.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podVolumeClaimSpec:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi # make sure size is larger or equal than your database size

Specify Resources for Backup/Recovery Jobs:

You can specify resources for backup or recovery jobs using spec.podTemplate.spec.resources field.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      resources:
        requests:
          memory: "64Mi"
          cpu: "250m"
        limits:
          memory: "128Mi"
          cpu: "500m"

Provide Annotations for Backup/Recovery Jobs:

If you need to add some annotations to backup or recovery jobs, you can specify those in spec.podTemplate.controller.annotations. You can also specify annotations for the pod created by backup or recovery jobs through spec.podTemplate.annotations field.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    annotations:
      passMe: ToBackupJobPod
    controller:
      annotations:
        passMe: ToBackupJob

Pass Arguments to Backup/Recovery Job:

KubeDB allows users to pass extra arguments for backup or recovery jobs. You can provide these arguments through spec.podTemplate.spec.args field of Snapshot crd.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: snap-mysql-infant
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: MySQL
spec:
  databaseName: mysql-infant
  storageSecretName: my-snap-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      args:
      - --extra-args-to-backup-command

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

kubectl patch -n demo mysql/mysql-infant mysql/mysql-recovered -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo mysql/mysql-infant mysql/mysql-recovered

kubectl patch -n demo drmn/mysql-infant drmn/mysql-recovered -p '{"spec":{"wipeOut":true}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo drmn/mysql-infant drmn/mysql-recovered

kubectl delete ns demo

Next Steps

See the list of supported storage providers for snapshots here.
Take Scheduled Snapshot of MySQL databases using KubeDB.
Initialize MySQL with Script.
Initialize MySQL with Snapshot.
Monitor your MySQL database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box CoreOS Prometheus Operator.
Monitor your MySQL database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box builtin-Prometheus.
Use private Docker registry to deploy MySQL with KubeDB.
Detail concepts of MySQL object.
Detail concepts of MySQLVersion object.
Want to hack on KubeDB? Check our contribution guidelines.

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Database Snapshots

Before You Begin

Instant Backups

Restore from Snapshot

Customizing Snapshot

Customizing Snapshot

Cleaning up

Next Steps

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