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KubeDB Snapshot

KubeDB operator maintains another Custom Resource Definition (CRD) for database backups called Snapshot. Snapshot object is used to take backup or restore from a backup.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using Minikube.

Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.

To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace "demo" created

$ kubectl get ns demo
NAME    STATUS  AGE
demo    Active  5s

Note: Yaml files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/elasticsearch folder in github repository kubedb/cli.

We need an Elasticsearch object in Running phase to perform backup operation.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Elasticsearch
metadata:
  name: infant-elasticsearch
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "5.6"

If Elasticsearch object infant-elasticsearch doesn’t exists, create it first.

$ kubedb create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/cli/0.8.0/docs/examples/elasticsearch/quickstart/infant-elasticsearch.yaml
elasticsearch "infant-elasticsearch" created
$ kubedb get es -n demo infant-elasticsearch
NAME                   STATUS    AGE
infant-elasticsearch   Running   11m

Populate database

In this tutorial, we will expose ClusterIP Service infant-elasticsearch to connect database from local.

$ kubectl expose svc -n demo infant-elasticsearch --name=infant-es-exposed --port=9200 --protocol=TCP --type=NodePort
service "infant-es-exposed" exposed

Check this tutorial to see how to connect Elasticsearch.

Before taking backup, insert some data into this Elasticsearch.

export es_service=$(minikube service infant-es-exposed -n demo --url)
export es_admin_pass=$(kubectl get secrets -n demo infant-elasticsearch-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\ADMIN_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d)
curl -XPUT --user "admin:$es_admin_pass" "$es_service/test/snapshot/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
    "title": "Snapshot",
    "text":  "Testing instand backup",
    "date":  "2018/02/13"
}
'
$ curl -XGET --user "admin:$es_admin_pass" "$es_service/test/snapshot/1?pretty"
{
  "_index" : "test",
  "_type" : "snapshot",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "Snapshot",
    "text" : "Testing instand backup",
    "date" : "2018/02/13"
  }
}

Now take backup of this database infant-elasticsearch.

Instant backup

Snapshot provides a declarative configuration for backup behavior in a Kubernetes native way.

Below is the Snapshot object created in this tutorial.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
  name: instant-snapshot
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    kubedb.com/kind: Elasticsearch
spec:
  databaseName: infant-elasticsearch
  storageSecretName: gcs-secret
  gcs:
    bucket: kubedb

Here,

  • metadata.labels should include the type of database.
  • spec.databaseName indicates the Elasticsearch object name, infant-elasticsearch, whose snapshot is taken.
  • spec.storageSecretName points to the Secret containing the credentials for snapshot storage destination.
  • spec.gcs.bucket points to the bucket name used to store the snapshot data.

In this case, kubedb.com/kind: Elasticsearch tells KubeDB operator that this Snapshot belongs to a Elasticsearch object. Only Elasticsearch controller will handle this Snapshot object.

Note: Snapshot and Secret objects must be in the same namespace as Elasticsearch, infant-elasticsearch.

Snapshot storage Secret

Storage Secret should contain credentials that will be used to access storage destination. In this tutorial, snapshot data will be stored in a Google Cloud Storage (GCS) bucket.

For that a storage Secret is needed with following 2 keys:

KeyDescription
GOOGLE_PROJECT_IDRequired. Google Cloud project ID
GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEYRequired. Google Cloud service account json key
$ echo -n '<your-project-id>' > GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
$ mv downloaded-sa-json.key > GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
$ kubectl create secret -n demo generic gcs-secret \
    --from-file=./GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID \
    --from-file=./GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
secret "gcs-secret" created
$ kubectl get secret -n demo gcs-secret -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID: PHlvdXItcHJvamVjdC1pZD4=
  GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY: ewogICJ0eXBlIjogInNlcnZpY2VfYWNjb3V...9tIgp9Cg==
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2018-02-13T06:35:36Z
  name: gcs-secret
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "4308"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/demo/secrets/gcs-secret
  uid: 19a77054-1088-11e8-9e42-0800271bdbb6
type: Opaque

Snapshot storage backend

KubeDB supports various cloud providers (S3, GCS, Azure, OpenStack Swift and/or locally mounted volumes) as snapshot storage backend. In this tutorial, GCS backend is used.

To configure this backend, following parameters are available:

ParameterDescription
spec.gcs.bucketRequired. Name of bucket
spec.gcs.prefixOptional. Path prefix into bucket where snapshot data will be stored

An open source project osm is used to store snapshot data into cloud.

To lean how to configure other storage destinations for snapshot data, please visit here.

Now, create the Snapshot object.

$ kubedb create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/cli/0.8.0/docs/examples/elasticsearch/snapshot/instant-snapshot.yaml
snapshot "instant-snapshot" created

Lets see Snapshot list of Elasticsearch infant-elasticsearch.

$ kubedb get snap -n demo --selector=kubedb.com/kind=Elasticsearch,kubedb.com/name=infant-elasticsearch
NAME               DATABASE                  STATUS      AGE
instant-snapshot   es/infant-elasticsearch   Succeeded   2m

KubeDB operator watches for Snapshot objects using Kubernetes API. When a Snapshot object is created, it will launch a Job that runs the elasticdump command and uploads the output files to cloud storage using osm.

Snapshot data is stored in a folder called {bucket}/{prefix}/kubedb/{namespace}/{elasticsearch}/{snapshot}/.

Once the snapshot Job is completed, you can see the output of the elasticdump command stored in the GCS bucket.

snapshot-console

From the above image, you can see that the snapshot data files for index test are stored in your bucket.

If you open this test.data.json file, you will see the data you have created previously.

{
   "_index":"test",
   "_type":"snapshot",
   "_id":"1",
   "_score":1,
   "_source":{
      "title":"Snapshot",
      "text":"Testing instand backup",
      "date":"2018/02/13"
   }
}

Lets see the Snapshot list for Elasticsearch infant-elasticsearch by running kubedb describe command.

$ kubedb describe es -n demo infant-elasticsearch -S=false -W=false
Name:			        infant-elasticsearch
Namespace:		        demo
CreationTimestamp:      Tue, 13 Feb 2018 12:08:36 +0600
Status:			        Running
No volumes.
StatefulSet:	infant-elasticsearch
Service:	    infant-elasticsearch, infant-elasticsearch-master, infant-es-exposed
Secrets:	    infant-elasticsearch-auth, infant-elasticsearch-cert

Topology:
  Type                 Pod                      StartTime                       Phase
  ----                 ---                      ---------                       -----
  client|data|master   infant-elasticsearch-0   2018-02-14 15:24:12 +0600 +06   Running

Snapshots:
  Name               Bucket      StartTime                         CompletionTime                    Phase
  ----               ------      ---------                         --------------                    -----
  instant-snapshot   gs:kubedb   Wed, 14 Feb 2018 15:33:11 +0600   Wed, 14 Feb 2018 15:35:17 +0600   Succeeded

Events:
  FirstSeen   LastSeen   Count     From                     Type       Reason               Message
  ---------   --------   -----     ----                     --------   ------               -------
  2m          2m         1         Job Controller           Normal     SuccessfulSnapshot   Successfully completed snapshot
  4m          4m         1         Snapshot Controller      Normal     Starting             Backup running
  12m         12m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully patched Elasticsearch
  12m         12m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully patched StatefulSet
  12m         12m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully created Elasticsearch
  13m         13m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully created StatefulSet
  13m         13m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully created Service
  13m         13m        1         Elasticsearch operator   Normal     Successful           Successfully created Service

Delete Snapshot

If you want to delete snapshot data from storage, you can delete Snapshot object.

$ kubectl delete snap -n demo instant-snapshot
snapshot "instant-snapshot" deleted

Once Snapshot object is deleted, you can’t revert this process and snapshot data from storage will be deleted permanently.

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

$ kubectl patch -n demo es/infant-elasticsearch -p '{"spec":{"doNotPause":false}}' --type="merge"
$ kubectl delete -n demo es/infant-elasticsearch

$ kubectl patch -n demo drmn/infant-elasticsearch -p '{"spec":{"wipeOut":true}}' --type="merge"
$ kubectl delete -n demo drmn/infant-elasticsearch

$ kubectl delete ns demo

Next Steps