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Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR) from WAL Source
KubeDB supports Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR) from WAL archive. You can recover your PostgreSQL database to an identical state of a particular time point. This tutorial will show you how to perform Point-in-Time Recovery of a PostgreSQL database with KubeDB.
Before You Begin
At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Now, install KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.
If you are not familiar with Point-in-Time Recovery please read the doc from here.
You also need to be familiar with WAL Archiving of PostgreSQL database with KubeDB. If you are not familiar with it, please read the guide from here.
To keep things isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace "demo" created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/postgres folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.
Overview
You can specify pitr field while initializing PostgreSQL database from WAL source. This pitr filed let you configure the target state in time that you want to achieve after the recovery.
KubeDB allows to configure the following fields in init.postgresWAL.pitr:
| Field | Default Value | Uses |
|---|---|---|
targetTime | Up to end of WAL logs | targetTime specifies the timestamp up to which recovery will proceed. |
targetTimeline | Same timeline that was current when the base backup was taken. | targetTimeline specifies the timeline that you want to recover. |
targetXID | nil | targetXID specifies the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed. |
targetInclusive | true | targetInclusive specifies whether to include ongoing transaction in given target point. |
In this tutorial, we are going to create a sample database and configure continuous WAL archiving in S3 bucket. Then, we are going to insert some data in this database. Finally, we are going to recover the database from WAL archive up to a particular time point.
Prepare WAL Archive
Let’s deploy a sample database and configure continuous WAL archiving to S3 bucket.
Create Storage Secret:
At first, create a secret for S3 bucket.
$ echo -n '<your-aws-access-key-id-here>' > AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
$ echo -n '<your-aws-secret-access-key-here>' > AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
$ kubectl create secret -n demo generic s3-secret \
--from-file=./AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
--from-file=./AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
secret "s3-secret" created
Deploy Sample Database:
Below is the YAML for sample database we are going to deploy,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Postgres
metadata:
name: pg-original
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "10.2-v5"
replicas: 1
terminationPolicy: Delete
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
archiver:
storage:
storageSecretName: s3-secret
s3:
bucket: kubedb
We have configured the above database to continuously backup WAL logs into kubedb bucket.
Let’s create the database we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2020.12.10/docs/examples/postgres/initialization/pitr/pg-original.yaml
postgres.kubedb.com/pg-original created
Now, wait for the database to go into Running state.
$ kubectl get pg -n demo pg-original
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
pg-original 10.2-v5 Running 1m
Insert Sample Data:
Now, exec into the database pod and insert some sample data. Here, we are going to create a table named pitrDemo. In order to track the insertion time of a data, we are going to use a separate column named created_at. Whenever, a new data is inserted, created_at column will be automatically set to the insertion time.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo pg-original-0 sh
# login as "postgres" superuser.
/ # psql -U postgres
psql (10.2)
Type "help" for help.
# list available databases
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
# connect to "postgres" database
postgres=# \c postgres
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".
# create a table named "pitrDemo"
postgres=# create table pitrDemo( id serial PRIMARY KEY, message varchar(255) NOT NULL, created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
CREATE TABLE
# insert sample data 1
postgres=# insert into pitrDemo(message) values('row 1 created');
INSERT 0 1
# now wait for 10 minutes then insert sample data 2
postgres=# insert into pitrDemo(message) values('row 2 created');
INSERT 0 1
# wait for another 10 minutes then insert sample data 3
postgres=# insert into pitrDemo(message) values('row 3 created');
INSERT 0 1
# let's view the inserted data. check "created_at" column.
# we are going to use this timestamp for point-in-time recovery.
postgres=# select * from pitrDemo;
id | message | created_at
----+---------------+-------------------------------
1 | row 1 created | 2019-01-07 08:28:58.752729+00
2 | row 2 created | 2019-01-07 08:39:36.77533+00
3 | row 3 created | 2019-01-07 08:50:12.081161+00
(3 rows)
# quit from the database
postgres=# \q
# exit from the pod
/ # exit
Note that we have used
created_atcolumn for tracking data insertion time easily. You don’t have to use this column if you know when a particular data was inserted.
Point-in-Time Recovery
Now, we are going to recover PostgreSQL database to an identical state of a specific time point from the archived WAL of pg-original database.
At first, let’s delete the pg-original database so that it does not keep holding the WAL archive.
$ kubectl delete -n demo pg/pg-original
postgres.kubedb.com "pg-original" deleted
Recover up to first sample data:
We had inserted first sample data at 2019-01-07 08:28:58.752729+00. So, if we recover with targetTime: "2019-01-07 08:30:00+00", recovered database will contain only first sample data.
Below is the YAML we are going to create to recover up to "2019-01-07 08:30:00+00" timestamp.
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Postgres
metadata:
name: pitr-1
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "10.2-v5"
replicas: 1
terminationPolicy: Delete
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
init:
postgresWAL:
storageSecretName: s3-secret
s3:
bucket: kubedb
prefix: 'kubedb/demo/pg-original/archive'
pitr:
targetTime: "2019-01-07 08:30:00+00"
Let’s create the above Postgres crd,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2020.12.10/docs/examples/postgres/initialization/pitr/pitr-1.yaml
postgres.kubedb.com/pitr-1 created
Now, wait for the Postgres crd pitr-1 to go into Running state.
$ kubectl get pg -n demo pitr-1
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
pitr-1 10.2-v5 Running 2m
Once, the database is running, exec into the database pod and check if the recovered database contains only first sample data.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo pitr-1-0 sh
/ # psql -U postgres
psql (10.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# select * from pitrDemo;
id | message | created_at
----+---------------+-------------------------------
1 | row 1 created | 2019-01-07 08:28:58.752729+00
(1 row)
postgres=#
So, we can see that the PostgreSQL database has been recovered to a state where only one sample data was inserted.
Recover up to second sample data:
Now, let’s recover up to second sample data. We had inserted second sample data at 2019-01-07 08:39:36.77533+00. So, if we recover with targetTime: "2019-01-07 08:40:00+00", recovered database will contain only the first two sample data.
Below is the YAML we are going to create to recover up to "2019-01-07 08:40:00+00" timestamp.
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Postgres
metadata:
name: pitr-2
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "10.2-v5"
replicas: 1
terminationPolicy: Delete
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
init:
postgresWAL:
storageSecretName: s3-secret
s3:
bucket: kubedb
prefix: 'kubedb/demo/pg-original/archive'
pitr:
targetTime: "2019-01-07 08:40:00+00"
Let’s create the above Postgres crd,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2020.12.10/docs/examples/postgres/initialization/pitr/pitr-2.yaml
postgres.kubedb.com/pitr-2 created
Now, wait for the Postgres crd pitr-2 to go into Running state.
$ kubectl get pg -n demo pitr-2
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
pitr-2 10.2-v5 Running 2m
Once, the database is running, exec into the database pod and check if the recovered database contains only the first two sample data.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo pitr-2-0 sh
/ # psql -U postgres
psql (10.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# select * from pitrDemo;
id | message | created_at
----+---------------+-------------------------------
1 | row 1 created | 2019-01-07 08:28:58.752729+00
2 | row 2 created | 2019-01-07 08:39:36.77533+00
(2 rows)
So, we can see that the PostgreSQL database has been recovered to a state where only two sample data were inserted.
Cleaning up
To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl patch -n demo pg/pitr-1 -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo pg/pitr-1
kubectl patch -n demo pg/pitr-2 -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo pg/pitr-2
kubectl delete -n demo secret s3-secret
kubectl delete ns demo