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Upgrade major version of MySQL Standalone

This guide will show you how to use KubeDB enterprise operator to upgrade the major version of MySQL standalone.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Install KubeDB community and enterprise operator in your cluster following the steps here.
You should be familiar with the following KubeDB concepts:

To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/mysql directory of kubedb/docs repository.

Apply Version Upgrading on Standalone

Here, we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone using a supported version by KubeDB operator. Then we are going to apply upgrading on it.

Prepare Group Replication

At first, we are going to deploy a standalone using supported that MySQL version whether it is possible to upgrade from this version to another. In the next two sections, we are going to find out the supported version and version upgrade constraints.

Find supported MySQLVersion:

When you have installed KubeDB, it has created MySQLVersion CR for all supported MySQL versions. Let’s check support versions,

$ kubectl get mysqlversion
NAME        VERSION   DB_IMAGE                 DEPRECATED   AGE
5           5         kubedb/mysql:5           true         149m
5-v1        5         kubedb/mysql:5-v1        true         149m
5.7         5.7       kubedb/mysql:5.7         true         149m
5.7-v1      5.7       kubedb/mysql:5.7-v1      true         149m
5.7-v2      5.7.25    kubedb/mysql:5.7-v2      true         149m
5.7-v3      5.7.25    kubedb/mysql:5.7.25      true         149m
5.7-v4      5.7.29    kubedb/mysql:5.7.29      true         149m
5.7.25      5.7.25    kubedb/mysql:5.7.25      true         149m
5.7.25-v1   5.7.25    kubedb/mysql:5.7.25-v1                149m
5.7.29      5.7.29    kubedb/mysql:5.7.29                   149m
5.7.31      5.7.31    kubedb/mysql:5.7.31                   149m
8           8         kubedb/mysql:8           true         149m
8-v1        8         kubedb/mysql:8-v1        true         149m
8.0         8.0       kubedb/mysql:8.0         true         149m
8.0-v1      8.0.3     kubedb/mysql:8.0-v1      true         149m
8.0-v2      8.0.14    kubedb/mysql:8.0-v2      true         149m
8.0-v3      8.0.20    kubedb/mysql:8.0.20      true         149m
8.0.14      8.0.14    kubedb/mysql:8.0.14      true         149m
8.0.14-v1   8.0.14    kubedb/mysql:8.0.14-v1                149m
8.0.20      8.0.20    kubedb/mysql:8.0.20                   149m
8.0.21      8.0.21    kubedb/mysql:8.0.21                   149m
8.0.3       8.0.3     kubedb/mysql:8.0.3       true         149m
8.0.3-v1    8.0.3     kubedb/mysql:8.0.3-v1                 149m

The version above that does not show DEPRECATED true is supported by KubeDB for MySQL. You can use any non-deprecated version. Now, we are going to select a non-deprecated version from MySQLVersion for MySQL standalone that will be possible to upgrade from this version to another version. In the next section, we are going to verify version upgrade constraints.

Check Upgrade Constraints:

Database version upgrade constraints is a constraint that shows whether it is possible or not possible to upgrade from one version to another. Let’s check the version upgrade constraints of MySQL 5.7.31,

$ kubectl get mysqlversion 5.7.31 -o yaml
apiVersion: catalog.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: MySQLVersion
metadata:
  name: 5.7.31
  ...
spec:
  db:
    image: kubedb/mysql:5.7.31
  exporter:
    image: kubedb/mysqld-exporter:v0.11.0
  initContainer:
    image: kubedb/busybox
  podSecurityPolicies:
    databasePolicyName: mysql-db
  replicationModeDetector:
    image: kubedb/mysql-replication-mode-detector:v0.1.0-beta.1
  tools:
    image: kubedb/mysql-tools:5.7.25
  upgradeConstraints:
    denylist:
      groupReplication:
      - < 5.7.31
      standalone:
      - < 5.7.31
  version: 5.7.31

The above spec.upgradeConstraints.denylist is showing that upgrading below version of 5.7.31 is not possible for both standalone and group replication. That means, it is possible to upgrade any version above 5.7.31. Here, we are going to create a MySQL standalone using MySQL 5.7.31. Then we are going to upgrade this version to 8.0.21.

Prepare Standalone

Now, we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone using version 5.7.31.

Deploy MySQL standalone:

In this section, we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone. Then, in the next section, we will upgrade the version of the database using upgrading. Below is the YAML of the MySQL cr that we are going to create,

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: my-standalone
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "5.7.31"
  storageType: Durable
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  terminationPolicy: WipeOut

Let’s create the MySQL cr we have shown above,

$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.01.26/docs/examples/mysql/upgrading/majorversin/standalone.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/my-standalone created

Wait for the database to be ready:

KubeDB operator watches for MySQL objects using Kubernetes API. When a MySQL object is created, KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet, Services, and Secrets, etc. A secret called my-standalone-auth (format: {mysql-object-name}-auth) will be created storing the password for mysql superuser. Now, watch MySQL is going to Running state and also watch StatefulSet and its pod is created and going to Running state,

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone
Every 3.0s: kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone                 suaas-appscode: Thu Jun 18 01:28:43 2020

NAME            VERSION   STATUS    AGE
my-standalone   5.7.31    Running   3m

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone
Every 3.0s: kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone                suaas-appscode: Thu Jun 18 12:57:42 2020

NAME            READY   AGE
my-standalone   1/1     3m42s

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0
Every 3.0s: kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0              suaas-appscode: Thu Jun 18 12:56:23 2020

NAME              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-standalone-0   1/1     Running   0          5m23s

Let’s verify the MySQL, the StatefulSet and its Pod image version,

$ kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
5.7.31

$ kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:5.7.31

$ kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:5.7.31

We are ready to apply upgrading on this MySQL standalone.

Upgrade

Here, we are going to upgrade MySQL standalone from 5.7.31 to 8.0.21.

Create MySQLOpsRequest:

To upgrade the standalone, you have to create a MySQLOpsRequest cr with your desired version that supported by KubeDB. Below is the YAML of the MySQLOpsRequest cr that we are going to create,

apiVersion: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: MySQLOpsRequest
metadata:
  name: my-upgrade-major-standalone
  namespace: demo
spec:
  databaseRef:
    name: my-standalone
  type: Upgrade
  upgrade:
    targetVersion: "8.0.21"

Here,

spec.databaseRef.name specifies that we are performing operation on my-group MySQL database.
spec.type specifies that we are going to perform Upgrade on our database.
spec.upgrade.targetVersion specifies expected version 8.0.21 after upgrading.

Let’s create the MySQLOpsRequest cr we have shown above,

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.01.26/docs/examples/mysql/upgrading/majorversion/upgrade_major_version_standalone.yaml
mysqlopsrequest.ops.kubedb.com/my-upgrade-major-standalone created

Verify MySQL version upgraded successfully:

If everything goes well, KubeDB enterprise operator will update the image of MySQL, StatefulSet, and its Pod.

At first, we will wait for MySQLOpsRequest to be successful. Run the following command to watch MySQlOpsRequest cr,

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get myops -n demo my-upgrade-major-standalone
Every 3.0s: kubectl get myops -n demo my-up...  suaas-appscode: Wed Aug 12 16:12:03 2020

NAME                          TYPE      STATUS       AGE
my-upgrade-major-standalone   Upgrade   Successful   3m57s

We can see from the above output that the MySQLOpsRequest has succeeded. If we describe the MySQLOpsRequest, we shall see that the MySQL, StatefulSet, and its Pod have updated with a new image.

$ kubectl describe myops -n demo my-upgrade-major-standalone
Name:         my-upgrade-major-standalone
Namespace:    demo
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  API Version:  ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Kind:         MySQLOpsRequest
Metadata:
  Creation Timestamp:  2020-08-12T10:08:06Z
  Finalizers:
    mysql.ops.kubedb.com
  Generation:  2
  ...
  Resource Version:  61103
  Self Link:         /apis/ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/demo/mysqlopsrequests/my-upgrade-major-standalone
  UID:               03ea52ac-5b74-47b9-bfba-426f386e8a34
Spec:
  Database Ref:
    Name:                my-standalone
  Stateful Set Ordinal:  0
  Type:                  Upgrade
  Upgrade:
    Target Version:  8.0.21
Status:
  Conditions:
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:08:06Z
    Message:               Controller has started to Progress the MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-upgrade-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                OpsRequestProgressingStarted
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Progressing
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:08:06Z
    Message:               Controller has successfully Halted the MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                SuccessfullyHaltedDatabase
    Status:                True
    Type:                  HaltDatabase
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:08:06Z
    Message:               MySQL version upgrading stated for MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-upgrade-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                DatabaseVersionUpgradingStarted
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Upgrading
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:10:06Z
    Message:               Image successfully updated in MySQL: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-upgrade-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                SuccessfullyUpgradedDatabaseVersion
    Status:                True
    Type:                  UpgradeVersion
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:10:06Z
    Message:               Controller has successfully Resumed the MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
    Observed Generation:   2
    Reason:                SuccessfullyResumedDatabase
    Status:                True
    Type:                  ResumeDatabase
    Last Transition Time:  2020-08-12T10:10:06Z
    Message:               Controller has successfully scaled/upgraded the MySQL demo/my-upgrade-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   2
    Reason:                OpsRequestProcessedSuccessfully
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Successful
  Observed Generation:     2
  Phase:                   Successful
Events:
  Type    Reason      Age    From                        Message
  ----    ------      ----   ----                        -------
  Normal  Starting    4m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Start processing for MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-upgrade-major-standalone
  Normal  Starting    4m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Pausing MySQL databse: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  4m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Successfully halted MySQL database: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-upgrade-major-standalone
  Normal  Starting    4m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Upgrading MySQL images: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-upgrade-major-standalone
  Normal  Successful  3m8s   KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Image successfully upgraded for standalone/master: demo/my-standalone-0
  Normal  Successful  2m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Image successfully updated in MySQL: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-upgrade-major-standalone
  Normal  Successful  2m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Image successfully upgraded for standalone/master: demo/my-standalone-0
  Normal  Starting    2m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Resuming MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  2m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Successfully resumed MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  2m48s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Controller has Successfully upgraded the version of MySQL : demo/my-standalone

Now, we are going to verify whether the MySQL, StatefulSet and it’s Pod have updated with new image. Let’s check,

$ kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
8.0.21

$ kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:8.0.21

$ kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:8.0.21

You can see above that our MySQLstandalone has been updated with the new version. It verifies that we have successfully upgraded our standalone.

Cleaning Up

To clean up the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

kubectl delete my -n demo my-standalone
kubectl delete myops -n demo my-upgrade-major-standalone

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