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Using Custom RBAC resources

KubeDB (version 0.13.0 and higher) supports finer user control over role based access permissions provided to a MySQL instance. This tutorial will show you how to use KubeDB to run MySQL instance with custom RBAC resources.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.

Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.

To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/mysql/custom-rbac/yamls folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.

Overview

KubeDB allows users to provide custom RBAC resources, namely, ServiceAccount, Role, and RoleBinding for MySQL. This is provided via the spec.podTemplate.spec.serviceAccountName field in MySQL crd. If this field is left empty, the KubeDB operator will create a service account name matching MySQL crd name. Role and RoleBinding that provide necessary access permissions will also be generated automatically for this service account.

If a service account name is given, but there’s no existing service account by that name, the KubeDB operator will create one, and Role and RoleBinding that provide necessary access permissions will also be generated for this service account.

If a service account name is given, and there’s an existing service account by that name, the KubeDB operator will use that existing service account. Since this service account is not managed by KubeDB, users are responsible for providing necessary access permissions manually.

This guide will show you how to create custom Service Account, Role, and RoleBinding for a MySQL instance named quick-postges to provide the bare minimum access permissions.

Custom RBAC for MySQL

At first, let’s create a Service Acoount in demo namespace.

$ kubectl create serviceaccount -n demo my-custom-serviceaccount
serviceaccount/my-custom-serviceaccount created

It should create a service account.

$ kubectl get serviceaccount -n demo my-custom-serviceaccount -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2019-05-30T04:23:39Z"
  name: my-custom-serviceaccount
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "21657"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/demo/serviceaccounts/myserviceaccount
  uid: b2ec2b05-8292-11e9-8d10-080027a8b217
secrets:
- name: myserviceaccount-token-t8zxd

Now, we need to create a role that has necessary access permissions for the MySQL instance named quick-mysql.

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.06.23/docs/guides/mysql/custom-rbac/yamls/my-custom-role.yaml
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/my-custom-role created

Below is the YAML for the Role we just created.

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: my-custom-role
  namespace: demo
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - policy
  resourceNames:
  - mysql-db
  resources:
  - podsecuritypolicies
  verbs:
  - use

This permission is required for MySQL pods running on PSP enabled clusters.

Now create a RoleBinding to bind this Role with the already created service account.

$ kubectl create rolebinding my-custom-rolebinding --role=my-custom-role --serviceaccount=demo:my-custom-serviceaccount --namespace=demo
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/my-custom-rolebinding created

It should bind my-custom-role and my-custom-serviceaccount successfully.

$ kubectl get rolebinding -n demo my-custom-rolebinding -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "kubectl get rolebinding -n demo my-custom-rolebinding -o yaml"
  name: my-custom-rolebinding
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "1405"
  selfLink: /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/demo/rolebindings/my-custom-rolebinding
  uid: 123afc02-8297-11e9-8d10-080027a8b217
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: my-custom-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: my-custom-serviceaccount
  namespace: demo

Now, create a MySQL crd specifying spec.podTemplate.spec.serviceAccountName field to my-custom-serviceaccount.

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.06.23/docs/guides/mysql/custom-rbac/yamls/my-custom-db.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/quick-mysql created

Below is the YAML for the MySQL crd we just created.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: quick-mysql
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "8.0.23-v1"
  storageType: Durable
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: my-custom-serviceaccount
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  terminationPolicy: DoNotTerminate

Now, wait a few minutes. the KubeDB operator will create necessary PVC, StatefulSet, services, secret etc. If everything goes well, we should see that a pod with the name quick-mysql-0 has been created.

Check that the statefulset’s pod is running

$ kubectl get pod -n demo quick-mysql-0
NAME            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
quick-mysql-0   1/1     Running   0          2m44s

Check the pod’s log to see if the database is ready

$ kubectl logs -f -n demo quick-mysql-0
...
2020-08-27 06:01:50+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.

2020-08-27T06:01:51.142462Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.21) starting as process 1
2020-08-27T06:01:51.142509Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010338] [Server] Can't find error-message file '/usr/share/mysql-8.0/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.151516Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.681653Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
...
2020-08-27T06:01:51.802033Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060
2020-08-27T06:01:51.924095Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.924256Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.931573Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.955689Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.21'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

Once we see MySQL init process done. Ready for start up. in the log, the database is ready.

Reusing Service Account

An existing service account can be reused in another MySQL instance. No new access permission is required to run the new MySQL instance.

Now, create MySQL crd minute-mysql using the existing service account name my-custom-serviceaccount in the spec.podTemplate.spec.serviceAccountName field.

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.06.23/docs/guides/mysql/custom-rbac/yamls/my-custom-db-two.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/quick-mysql created

Below is the YAML for the MySQL crd we just created.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: minute-mysql
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "8.0.23-v1"
  storageType: Durable
  podTemplate:
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: my-custom-serviceaccount
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  terminationPolicy: DoNotTerminate

Now, wait a few minutes. the KubeDB operator will create necessary PVC, statefulset, services, secret etc. If everything goes well, we should see that a pod with the name minute-mysql-0 has been created.

Check that the statefulset’s pod is running

$ kubectl get pod -n demo minute-mysql-0
NAME             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
minute-mysql-0   1/1       Running   0          14m

Check the pod’s log to see if the database is ready

...
2020-08-27 06:01:50+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.

2020-08-27T06:01:51.142462Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.21) starting as process 1
2020-08-27T06:01:51.142509Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010338] [Server] Can't find error-message file '/usr/share/mysql-8.0/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.151516Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.681653Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
...
2020-08-27T06:01:51.802033Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060
2020-08-27T06:01:51.924095Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.924256Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.931573Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2020-08-27T06:01:51.955689Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.21'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

MySQL init process done. Ready for start up. in the log signifies that the database is running successfully.

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

kubectl patch -n demo my/quick-mysql -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo my/quick-mysql

kubectl patch -n demo my/minute-mysql -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo my/minute-mysql

kubectl delete -n demo role my-custom-role
kubectl delete -n demo rolebinding my-custom-rolebinding

kubectl delete sa -n demo my-custom-serviceaccount

kubectl delete ns demo

If you would like to uninstall the KubeDB operator, please follow the steps here.

Next Steps