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Initialize MySQL using Script

This tutorial will show you how to use KubeDB to initialize a MySQL database with *.sql, *.sh and/or *.sql.gz script. In this tutorial we will use .sql script stored in GitHub repository kubedb/mysql-init-scripts.

Note: The yaml files that are used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/mysql/initialization/yamls folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.

To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial. This tutorial will also use a phpMyAdmin to connect and test MySQL database, once it is running. Run the following command to prepare your cluster for this tutorial:

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.06.23/docs/guides/mysql/initialization/yamls/phpmyadmin.yaml
deployment.extensions/myadmin created
service/myadmin created

$ kubectl get pods -n demo 
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myadmin-66cc8d4c77-wkwht   1/1     Running   0          5m20s

$ kubectl get service -n demo
NAME      TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
myadmin   LoadBalancer   10.104.142.213   <pending>     80:31529/TCP     3m14s

Then, open your browser and go to the following URL: http://{node-ip}:{myadmin-svc-nodeport}. For kind cluster, you can get this URL by running the following command:

$ kubectl get svc -n demo myadmin -o json | jq '.spec.ports[].nodePort'
31529

$ kubectl get node -o json | jq '.items[].status.addresses[].address'
"172.18.0.3"
"kind-control-plane"
"172.18.0.4"
"kind-worker"
"172.18.0.2"
"kind-worker2"

# expected url will be:
url: http://172.18.0.4:31529

Prepare Initialization Scripts

MySQL supports initialization with .sh, .sql and .sql.gz files. In this tutorial, we will use init.sql script from mysql-init-scripts git repository to create a TABLE kubedb_table in mysql database.

We will use a ConfigMap as script source. You can use any Kubernetes supported volume as script source.

At first, we will create a ConfigMap from init.sql file. Then, we will provide this ConfigMap as script source in init.script of MySQL crd spec.

Let’s create a ConfigMap with initialization script,

$ kubectl create configmap -n demo my-init-script \
--from-literal=init.sql="$(curl -fsSL https://github.com/kubedb/mysql-init-scripts/raw/master/init.sql)"
configmap/my-init-script created

Create a MySQL database with Init-Script

Below is the MySQL object created in this tutorial.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: mysql-init-script
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "8.0.23-v1"
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  init:
    script:
      configMap:
        name: my-init-script

$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2021.06.23/docs/guides/mysql/initialization/yamls/initialize-mysql.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/mysql-init-script created

Here,

spec.init.script specifies a script source used to initialize the database before database server starts. The scripts will be executed alphabatically. In this tutorial, a sample .sql script from the git repository https://github.com/kubedb/mysql-init-scripts.git is used to create a test database. You can use other volume sources instead of ConfigMap. The *.sql, *sql.gz and/or *.sh sripts that are stored inside the root folder will be executed alphabatically. The scripts inside child folders will be skipped.

KubeDB operator watches for MySQL objects using Kubernetes api. When a MySQL object is created, KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet and a Service with the matching MySQL object name. KubeDB operator will also create a governing service for StatefulSets with the name kubedb, if one is not already present. No MySQL specific RBAC roles are required for RBAC enabled clusters.

$ kubectl dba describe my -n demo mysql-init-scrip
Name:               mysql-init-script
Namespace:          demo
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 27 Aug 2020 12:42:04 +0600
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1alpha2","kind":"MySQL","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"mysql-init-script","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"init":{"scriptS...
Replicas:           1  total
Status:             Running
StorageType:        Durable
Volume:
  StorageClass:      standard
  Capacity:          1Gi
  Access Modes:      RWO
Halted:              false
Halted:              false
Termination Policy:  Delete

StatefulSet:          
  Name:               mysql-init-script
  CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 27 Aug 2020 12:42:04 +0600
  Labels:               app.kubernetes.io/component=database
                        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=kubedb.com
                        app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com
                        app.kubernetes.io/instance=mysql-init-script
  Annotations:        <none>
  Replicas:           824637371096 desired | 1 total
  Pods Status:        1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed

Service:        
  Name:         mysql-init-script
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/component=database
                  app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=mysql-init-script
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           10.103.202.117
  Port:         db  3306/TCP
  TargetPort:   db/TCP
  Endpoints:    10.244.2.9:3306

Service:        
  Name:         mysql-init-script-gvr
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/component=database
                  app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=mysql-init-script
  Annotations:    service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints=true
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           None
  Port:         db  3306/TCP
  TargetPort:   3306/TCP
  Endpoints:    10.244.2.9:3306

Database Secret:
  Name:         mysql-init-script-auth
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/component=database
                  app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=mysql-init-script
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         Opaque
  Data:
    password:  16 bytes
    username:  4 bytes

Init:
  Script Source:
    Volume:
    Type:      ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:      my-init-script
    Optional:  false

AppBinding:
  Metadata:
    Annotations:
      kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:  {"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1alpha2","kind":"MySQL","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"mysql-init-script","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"init":{"script":{"configMap":{"name":"my-init-script"}}},"storage":{"accessModes":["ReadWriteOnce"],"resources":{"requests":{"storage":"1Gi"}},"storageClassName":"standard"},"version":"8.0.21-v2"}}

    Creation Timestamp:  2020-08-27T06:43:15Z
    Labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component:   database
      app.kubernetes.io/instance:    mysql-init-script
      app.kubernetes.io/managed-by:  kubedb.com
      app.kubernetes.io/name:        mysql
      app.kubernetes.io/version:     8.0.21-v2
      app.kubernetes.io/name:        mysqls.kubedb.com
      app.kubernetes.io/instance:               mysql-init-script
    Name:                            mysql-init-script
    Namespace:                       demo
  Spec:
    Client Config:
      Service:
        Name:    mysql-init-script
        Path:    /
        Port:    3306
        Scheme:  mysql
      URL:       tcp(mysql-init-script:3306)/
    Secret:
      Name:   mysql-init-script-auth
    Type:     kubedb.com/mysql
    Version:  8.0.21-v2

Events:
  Type    Reason      Age   From            Message
  ----    ------      ----  ----            -------
  Normal  Successful  1m    MySQL operator  Successfully created Service
  Normal  Successful  7s    MySQL operator  Successfully created StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful  7s    MySQL operator  Successfully created MySQL
  Normal  Successful  7s    MySQL operator  Successfully created appbinding

$ kubectl get statefulset -n demo
NAME                READY   AGE
mysql-init-script   1/1     2m24s

$ kubectl get pvc -n demo
NAME                       STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
data-mysql-init-script-0   Bound    pvc-32a59975-2972-4122-9635-22fe19483145   1Gi        RWO            standard       3m

$ kubectl get pv -n demo
NAME                                       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                           STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pvc-32a59975-2972-4122-9635-22fe19483145   1Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    demo/data-mysql-init-script-0   standard                3m25s

$ kubectl get service -n demo
NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
myadmin                 LoadBalancer   10.104.142.213   <pending>     80:31529/TCP   23m
mysql-init-script       ClusterIP      10.103.202.117   <none>        3306/TCP       3m49s
mysql-init-script-gvr   ClusterIP      None             <none>        3306/TCP       3m49s

KubeDB operator sets the status.phase to Running once the database is successfully created. Run the following command to see the modified MySQL object:

$ kubectl get my -n demo mysql-init-script -o yaml
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1alpha2","kind":"MySQL","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"mysql-init-script","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"init":{"script":{"configMap":{"name":"my-init-script"}}},"storage":{"accessModes":["ReadWriteOnce"],"resources":{"requests":{"storage":"1Gi"}},"storageClassName":"standard"},"version":"8.0.21-v2"}}      
  creationTimestamp: "2020-08-27T06:42:04Z"
  finalizers:
  - kubedb.com
  generation: 2
    operation: Update
    time: "2020-08-27T06:43:15Z"
  name: mysql-init-script
  namespace: demo
  resourceVersion: "11901"
  selfLink: /apis/kubedb.com/v1alpha2/namespaces/demo/mysqls/mysql-init-script
  uid: 2903f636-09cb-4299-af5d-c7a2e799ec61
spec:
  authSecret:
    name: mysql-init-script-auth
  init:
    script:
      configMap:
        name: my-init-script
  podTemplate:
    controller: {}
    metadata: {}
    spec:
      resources: {}
      serviceAccountName: mysql-init-script
  replicas: 1
  storage:
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
    storageClassName: standard
  storageType: Durable
  terminationPolicy: Delete
  version: 8.0.21-v2
status:
  observedGeneration: 2
  phase: Running

KubeDB operator has created a new Secret called mysql-init-script-auth (format: {mysql-object-name}-auth) for storing the password for MySQL superuser. This secret contains a username key which contains the username for MySQL superuser and a password key which contains the password for MySQL superuser. If you want to use an existing secret please specify that when creating the MySQL object using spec.authSecret.name. While creating this secret manually, make sure the secret contains these two keys containing data username and password and also make sure of using root as value of username.

Now, you can connect to this database from the phpMyAdmin dashboard using the database pod IP and and mysql user password.

$ kubectl get pods mysql-init-script-0 -n demo -o yaml | grep IP
  hostIP: 10.0.2.15
  podIP: 10.244.2.9

$ kubectl get secrets -n demo mysql-init-script-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\user}' | base64 -d
root

$ kubectl get secrets -n demo mysql-init-script-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\password}' | base64 -d
1Pc7bwSygrv1MX1Q

Note: In MySQL: 8.0.14-v1 connection to phpMyAdmin may give error as it is using caching_sha2_password and sha256_password authentication plugins over mysql_native_password. If the error happens do the following for work around. But, It’s not recommended to change authentication plugins. See here for alternative solutions.

kubectl exec -it -n demo mysql-quickstart-0 -- mysql -u root --password=1Pc7bwSygrv1MX1Q -e "ALTER USER root IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '1Pc7bwSygrv1MX1Q';"

Now, open your browser and go to the following URL: http://{node-ip}:{myadmin-svc-nodeport}. To log into the phpMyAdmin, use host 10.244.2.9 , username root and password 1Pc7bwSygrv1MX1Q.

As you can see here, the initial script has successfully created a table named kubedb_table in mysql database and inserted three rows of data into that table successfully.

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

kubectl patch -n demo mysql/mysql-init-script -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo mysql/mysql-init-script

kubectl delete ns demo

Next Steps

Initialize MySQL with Script.
Monitor your MySQL database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box Prometheus operator.
Monitor your MySQL database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box builtin-Prometheus.
Use private Docker registry to deploy MySQL with KubeDB.
Detail concepts of MySQL object.
Detail concepts of MySQLVersion object.
Want to hack on KubeDB? Check our contribution guidelines.

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