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Upgrade version of Postgres
This guide will show you how to use KubeDB ops-manager operator to upgrade the version of Postgres cr.
Before You Begin
At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the
kubectlcommand-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.Install
KubeDBprovisioner and enterprise operator in your cluster following the steps here.You should be familiar with the following
KubeDBconcepts:
To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/postgres/upgrading/versionupgrading/yamls directory of kubedb/docs repository.
Apply Version Upgrading on Postgres
Here, we are going to deploy a Postgres instance using a supported version by KubeDB provisioner. Then we are going to apply upgrade-ops-request on it.
Prepare Postgres
At first, we are going to deploy a Postgres using supported Postgres version whether it is possible to upgrade from this version to another. In the next two sections, we are going to find out the supported version and version upgrade constraints.
Find supported PostgresVersion:
When you have installed KubeDB, it has created PostgresVersion CR for all supported Postgres versions. Let’s check support versions,
$ kubectl get postgresversion
NAME VERSION DISTRIBUTION DB_IMAGE DEPRECATED AGE
10.16 10.16 Official postgres:10.16-alpine 63s
10.16-debian 10.16 Official postgres:10.16 63s
10.19 10.19 Official postgres:10.19-bullseye 63s
10.19-bullseye 10.19 Official postgres:10.19-bullseye 63s
11.11 11.11 Official postgres:11.11-alpine 63s
11.11-debian 11.11 Official postgres:11.11 63s
11.14 11.14 Official postgres:11.14-alpine 63s
11.14-bullseye 11.14 Official postgres:11.14-bullseye 63s
11.14-bullseye-postgis 11.14 PostGIS postgis/postgis:11-3.1 63s
12.6 12.6 Official postgres:12.6-alpine 63s
12.6-debian 12.6 Official postgres:12.6 63s
12.9 12.9 Official postgres:12.9-alpine 63s
12.9-bullseye 12.9 Official postgres:12.9-bullseye 63s
12.9-bullseye-postgis 12.9 PostGIS postgis/postgis:12-3.1 63s
13.2 13.2 Official postgres:13.2-alpine 63s
13.2-debian 13.2 Official postgres:13.2 63s
13.5 13.5 Official postgres:13.5-alpine 63s
13.5-bullseye 13.5 Official postgres:13.5-bullseye 63s
13.5-bullseye-postgis 13.5 PostGIS postgis/postgis:13-3.1 63s
14.1 14.1 Official postgres:14.1-alpine 63s
14.1-bullseye 14.1 Official postgres:14.1-bullseye 63s
14.1-bullseye-postgis 14.1 PostGIS postgis/postgis:14-3.1 63s
9.6.21 9.6.21 Official postgres:9.6.21-alpine 63s
9.6.21-debian 9.6.21 Official postgres:9.6.21 63s
9.6.24 9.6.24 Official postgres:9.6.24-alpine 63s
9.6.24-bullseye 9.6.24 Official postgres:9.6.24-bullseye 63s
timescaledb-2.1.0-pg11 11.11 TimescaleDB timescale/timescaledb:2.1.0-pg11-oss 63s
timescaledb-2.1.0-pg12 12.6 TimescaleDB timescale/timescaledb:2.1.0-pg12-oss 63s
timescaledb-2.1.0-pg13 13.2 TimescaleDB timescale/timescaledb:2.1.0-pg13-oss 63s
timescaledb-2.5.0-pg14.1 14.1 TimescaleDB timescale/timescaledb:2.5.0-pg14-oss 63s
The version above that does not show DEPRECATED true is supported by KubeDB for Postgres. You can use any non-deprecated version. Now, we are going to select a non-deprecated version from PostgresVersion for Postgres Instance that will be possible to upgrade from this version to another version. In the next section, we are going to verify version upgrade constraints.
Check Upgrade Constraints:
When you are trying to update make sure that from current version the target version upgrade is supported.
| Current Version | Upgradeable Minor Versions | Upgradeable Major Versions |
|---|---|---|
9.6.21 | 9.6.24 | 10.16, 11.11, 12.6, 13.2 |
9.6.21-debian | 9.6.24-bullseye | 12.6-debian, 13.2-debian |
9.6.24 | - | 10.19, 11.14, 12.9, 13.5, 14.1 |
9.6.24-bullseye | - | 10.19-bullseye, 11.14-bullseye, 12.9-bullseye, 13.5-bullseye, 14.1-bullseye |
10.16 | 10.19 | 11.11, 12.6, 13.2 |
10.16-debian | 10.19-bullseye | 11.11-debian |
10.19 | - | 11.14, 12.9, 13.5, 14.1 |
10.19-bullseye | - | 11.14-bullseye, 12.9-bullseye, 13.5-bullseye, 14.1-bullseye |
11.11 | 11.14 | 12.6, 13.2 |
11.11-debian | 11.14-bullseye | - |
11.14 | - | 12.9, 13.5, 14.1 |
11.14-bullseye | - | 12.9-bullseye, 13.5-bullseye, 14.1-bullseye |
12.6 | 12.9 | 13.2 |
12.6-debian | 12.9-bullseye | 13.2-debian |
12.9 | - | 13.5, 14.1 |
12.9-bullseye | - | 13.5-bullseye, 14.1-bullseye |
13.2 | 13.5 | - |
13.2-debian | 13.5-bullseye | - |
13.5 | - | 14.1 |
13.5-bullseye | - | 14.1-bullseye |
14.1 | - | - |
14.1-bullseye | - | - |
For Example: If you want to update from 9.6.21 to 14.1. From the table, you can see that you can’t directly upgrade from 9.6.21 to 14.1. So what you need to is first upgrade 9.6.21 to 9.6.24. then try to update from 9.6.24 to 14.1.
Let’s get one of the postgresversion YAML:
$ kubectl get postgresversion 13.2 -o yaml | kubectl neat
apiVersion: catalog.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: PostgresVersion
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubedb
meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: kubedb
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubedb
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/name: kubedb-catalog
app.kubernetes.io/version: v2021.11.24
helm.sh/chart: kubedb-catalog-v2021.11.24
name: "13.2"
spec:
coordinator:
image: kubedb/pg-coordinator:v0.8.0
db:
image: postgres:13.2-alpine
distribution: Official
exporter:
image: prometheuscommunity/postgres-exporter:v0.9.0
initContainer:
image: kubedb/postgres-init:0.4.0
podSecurityPolicies:
databasePolicyName: postgres-db
securityContext:
runAsAnyNonRoot: false
runAsUser: 70
stash:
addon:
backupTask:
name: postgres-backup-13.1
restoreTask:
name: postgres-restore-13.1
version: "13.2"
Deploy Postgres Instance:
In this section, we are going to deploy a Postgres Instance. Then, in the next section, we will upgrade the version of the database using upgrading. Below is the YAML of the Postgres cr that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Postgres
metadata:
name: pg
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "11.11"
replicas: 3
standbyMode: Hot
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Let’s create the Postgres cr we have shown above,
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2022.03.28/docs/guides/postgres/upgrading/versionupgrading/yamls/postgres.yaml
postgres.kubedb.com/pg created
Wait for the database to be ready:
KubeDB operator watches for Postgres objects using Kubernetes API. When a Postgres object is created, KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet, Services, and Secrets, etc. A secret called pg-auth (format: {postgres-object-name}-auth) will be created storing the password for postgres superuser.
Now, watch Postgres is going to Running state and also watch StatefulSet and its pod is created and going to Running state,
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get postgres -n demo
Every 3.0s: kubectl get postgres -n demo
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
pg 11.11 Ready 3m17s
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get sts -n demo pg
Every 3.0s: kubectl get sts -n demo pg ac-emon: Tue Nov 30 11:38:12 2021
NAME READY AGE
pg 3/3 4m17s
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get pod -n demo
Every 3.0s: kubectl get pods -n demo
Every 3.0s: kubectl get pods -n demo ac-emon: Tue Nov 30 11:39:03 2021
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pg-0 2/2 Running 0 4m55s
pg-1 2/2 Running 0 3m15s
pg-2 2/2 Running 0 3m11s
Let’s verify the Postgres, the StatefulSet and its Pod image version,
$ kubectl get pg -n demo pg -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
11.11
$ kubectl get sts -n demo pg -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
postgres:11.11-alpine
$ kubectl get pod -n demo pg-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
postgres:11.11-alpine
We are ready to apply upgrading on this Postgres Instance.
Upgrade
Here, we are going to upgrade Postgres Instance from 11.11 to 13.2.
Create PostgresOpsRequest:
To upgrade the Instance, you have to create a PostgresOpsRequest cr with your desired version that supported by KubeDB. Below is the YAML of the PostgresOpsRequest cr that we are going to create,
apiVersion: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: PostgresOpsRequest
metadata:
name: pg-upgrade
namespace: demo
spec:
type: Upgrade
upgrade:
targetVersion: "13.2"
databaseRef:
name: pg
Here,
spec.databaseRef.namespecifies that we are performing operation onpg-groupPostgres database.spec.typespecifies that we are going to performUpgradeon our database.spec.upgrade.targetVersionspecifies expected version13.2after upgrading.
Let’s create the PostgresOpsRequest cr we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2022.03.28/docs/guides/postgres/upgrading/versionupgrading/yamls/upgrade_version.yaml
postgresopsrequest.ops.kubedb.com/pg-upgrade created
Verify Postgres version upgraded successfully:
If everything goes well, KubeDB ops-manager operator will update the image of Postgres, StatefulSet, and its Pod.
At first, we will wait for PostgresOpsRequest to be successful. Run the following command to watch PostgresOpsRequest cr,
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get PostgresOpsRequest -n demo pg-upgrade
Every 3.0s: kubectl get PostgresOpsRequest -n demo pg-upgrade
NAME TYPE STATUS AGE
pg-upgrade Upgrade Successful 3m57s
We can see from the above output that the PostgresOpsRequest has succeeded. If we describe the PostgresOpsRequest, we shall see that the Postgres, StatefulSet, and its Pod have updated with a new image.
$ kubectl describe PostgresOpsRequest -n demo pg-upgrade
Name: pg-upgrade
Namespace: demo
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
API Version: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Kind: PostgresOpsRequest
Metadata:
Creation Timestamp: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
Generation: 1
Managed Fields:
API Version: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Fields Type: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
.:
f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
f:spec:
.:
f:databaseRef:
.:
f:name:
f:type:
f:upgrade:
.:
f:targetVersion:
Manager: kubectl-client-side-apply
Operation: Update
Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
API Version: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Fields Type: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:status:
.:
f:conditions:
f:observedGeneration:
f:phase:
Manager: kubedb-enterprise
Operation: Update
Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
Resource Version: 638178
UID: d18198d9-0d27-449d-9a1d-edf60c7bdf38
Spec:
Database Ref:
Name: pg
Type: Upgrade
Upgrade:
Target Version: 13.2
Status:
Conditions:
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
Message: Postgres ops request is upgrading database version
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpgradeVersion
Status: True
Type: UpgradeVersion
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
Message: Successfully copied binaries for old postgres version
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: CopiedOldBinaries
Status: True
Type: CopiedOldBinaries
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:04Z
Message: Successfully updated statefulsets update strategy type
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpdateStatefulSets
Status: True
Type: UpdateStatefulSets
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:10Z
Message: Successfully Transferred Leadership to first node before pg-coordinator paused
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: TransferLeaderShipToFirstNodeBeforeCoordinatorPaused
Status: True
Type: TransferLeaderShipToFirstNodeBeforeCoordinatorPaused
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:10Z
Message: Successfully Pause Pg-Coordinator
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: PausePgCoordinator
Status: True
Type: PausePgCoordinator
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:50Z
Message: Successfully Updated primary Image
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpdatePrimaryImage
Status: True
Type: UpdatePrimaryImage
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:52Z
Message: Successfully Initialized new data directory
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: DataDirectoryInitialized
Status: True
Type: DataDirectoryInitialized
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:59Z
Message: Successfully Upgraded new data directory
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: PgUpgraded
Status: True
Type: PgUpgraded
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:29:59Z
Message: Successfully Rename new data directory
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: ReplacedDataDirectory
Status: True
Type: ReplacedDataDirectory
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:30:24Z
Message: Successfully Transfer Primary Role to first node
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: TransferPrimaryRoleToDefault
Status: True
Type: TransferPrimaryRoleToDefault
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:30:29Z
Message: Successfully running the primary
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: ResumePgCoordinator
Status: True
Type: ResumePgCoordinator
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:32:24Z
Message: Successfully Updated replica Images
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpdateStandbyPodImage
Status: True
Type: UpdateStandbyPodImage
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:32:24Z
Message: Successfully Updated cluster Image
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpdateStatefulSetImage
Status: True
Type: UpdateStatefulSetImage
Last Transition Time: 2021-11-30T07:32:24Z
Message: Successfully completed the modification process.
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: Successful
Status: True
Type: Successful
Observed Generation: 1
Phase: Successful
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal PauseDatabase 3m50s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Pausing Postgres demo/pg
Normal PauseDatabase 3m50s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully paused Postgres demo/pg
Normal Updating 3m50s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Updating StatefulSets
Normal Updating 3m50s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Updated StatefulSets
Normal TransferLeaderShipToFirstNodeBeforeCoordinatorPaused 3m44s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Transferred Leadership to first node before pg-coordinator paused
Normal UpdatePrimaryImage 3m4s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Updated primary Image
Normal TransferPrimaryRoleToDefault 2m30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Transfer Primary Role to first node
Normal ResumePgCoordinator 2m25s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully running the primary
Normal UpdateStandbyPodImage 30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Updated replica Images
Normal ResumeDatabase 30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Resuming PostgreSQL demo/pg
Normal ResumeDatabase 30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully resumed PostgreSQL demo/pg
Normal Successful 30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Updated Database
Normal Successful 30s KubeDB Enterprise Operator Successfully Updated Database
Now, we are going to verify whether the Postgres, StatefulSet and it’s Pod have updated with new image. Let’s check,
$ kubectl get postgres -n demo pg -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
13.2
$ kubectl get sts -n demo pg -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
postgres:13.2-alpine
$ kubectl get pod -n demo pg-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
postgres:13.2-alpine
You can see above that our Postgres has been updated with the new version. It verifies that we have successfully upgraded our Postgres Instance.
Cleaning Up
To clean up the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl delete postgres -n demo pg
kubectl delete PostgresOpsRequest -n demo pg-upgrade