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Issue TLS Certificates
X-Pack requires certificates to enable TLS. KubeDB creates necessary certificates automatically. However, if you want to use your own certificates, you can provide them through spec.certificateSecret field of Elasticsearch object.
This tutorial will show you how to generate certificates for X-Pack and use them with Elasticsearch database.
In KubeDB Elasticsearch, keystore and truststore files in JKS format are used instead of certificates and private keys in PEM format.
KubeDB applies same truststore for both transport layer TLS and REST layer TLS.
But, KubeDB distinguishes between the following types of keystore for security purpose.
- transport layer keystore are used to identify and secure traffic between Elasticsearch nodes on the transport layer
- http layer keystore are used to identify Elasticsearch clients on the REST and transport layer.
Before You Begin
At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.
To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
You also need to have OpenSSL and Java keytool for generating all required artifacts.
In order to find out if you have OpenSSL installed, open a terminal and type
$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
Make sure it’s version 1.0.1k or higher
And check keytool by calling
keytool
If already installed, it will print a list of available commands.
To keep generated files separated, open a new terminal and create a directory /tmp/kubedb/certs
mkdir -p /tmp/kubedb/certs
cd /tmp/kubedb/certs
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/elasticsearch folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.
Generate truststore
First, we need root certificate to sign other server & client certificates. And also this certificate is imported as truststore.
You need to follow these steps
Get root certificate configuration file
$ wget https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.04.10/docs/examples/elasticsearch/x-pack/openssl-config/openssl-ca.ini[ ca ] default_ca = CA_default [ CA_default ] private_key = root-key.pem default_days = 1000 # how long to certify for default_md = sha256 # use public key default MD copy_extensions = copy # Required to copy SANs from CSR to cert [ req ] prompt = no default_bits = 4096 distinguished_name = ca_distinguished_name [ ca_distinguished_name ] O = Elasticsearch Operator CN = KubeDB Com. Root CASet a password of your keystore and truststore files
$ export KEY_PASS=secretNote: You need to provide this KEY_PASS in your Secret as
key_passGenerate private key and certificate
$ openssl req -x509 -config openssl-ca.ini -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -out root.pem -keyout root-key.pem -batch -passin "pass:$KEY_PASS"Here,
root-key.pemholds Private Keyroot.pemholds CA Certificate
Finally, import certificate as keystore
$ keytool -import -file root.pem -keystore root.jks -storepass $KEY_PASS -srcstoretype pkcs12 -nopromptHere,
root.jksis truststore for Elasticsearch
Generate keystore
Here are the steps for generating certificate and keystore for Elasticsearch:
- Get certificate configuration file
- Generate private key and certificate signing request (CSR)
- Sign certificate using root certificate
- Generate PKCS12 file using root certificate
- Import PKCS12 as keystore
You need to follow these steps to generate three keystore.
To sign certificate, we need another configuration file.
$ wget https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.04.10/docs/info.version" >}}/docs/examples/elasticsearch/x-pack/openssl-config/openssl-sign.ini
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
base_dir = .
certificate = $base_dir/root.pem # The CA certifcate
private_key = $base_dir/root-key.pem # The CA private key
new_certs_dir = $base_dir # Location for new certs after signing
database = $base_dir/index.txt # Database index file
serial = $base_dir/serial.txt # The current serial number
unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of several certificates with same subject.
default_days = 1000 # how long to certify for
default_md = sha256 # use public key default MD
email_in_dn = no
copy_extensions = copy # Required to copy SANs from CSR to cert
[ req ]
default_bits = 4096
default_keyfile = root-key.pem
distinguished_name = ca_distinguished_name
[ ca_distinguished_name ]
O = Elasticsearch Operator
CN = KubeDB Com. Root CA
[ signing_req ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
[ signing_policy ]
organizationName = optional
commonName = supplied
Here,
certificatedenotes CA certificate pathprivate_keydenotes CA key path
Also, you need to create a index.txt file and serial.txt file with value 01
touch index.txt
echo '01' > serial.txt
Node
Following configuration is used to generate CSR for node certificate.
[ req ]
prompt = no
default_bits = 4096
distinguished_name = node_distinguished_name
req_extensions = node_req_extensions
[ node_distinguished_name ]
O = Elasticsearch Operator
CN = custom-certificate-es-ssl
[ node_req_extensions ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = localhost
RID.1 = 1.2.3.4.5.5
Here,
RID.1=1.2.3.4.5.5is used in node certificate. All certificates with registeredID1.2.3.4.5.5is considered as valid certificate for transport layer.
Now run following commands
$ wget https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.04.10/docs/examples/elasticsearch/x-pack/openssl-config/openssl-node.ini
$ openssl req -config openssl-node.ini -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -out node-csr.pem -keyout node-key.pem
$ openssl ca -config openssl-sign.ini -batch -policy signing_policy -extensions signing_req -out node.pem -infiles node-csr.pem
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -certfile root.pem -inkey node-key.pem -in node.pem -password "pass:$KEY_PASS" -out node.pkcs12
$ keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore node.pkcs12 -storepass $KEY_PASS -srcstoretype pkcs12 -srcstorepass $KEY_PASS -destkeystore node.jks -deststoretype pkcs12
Generated node.jks will be used as keystore for transport layer TLS.
Client
Following configuration is used to generate CSR for client certificate.
[ req ]
prompt = no
default_bits = 4096
distinguished_name = client_distinguished_name
req_extensions = client_req_extensions
[ client_distinguished_name ]
O = Elasticsearch Operator
CN = custom-certificate-es-ssl
[ client_req_extensions ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = localhost
DNS.2 = custom-certificate-es-ssl.demo.svc
Here,
custom-certificate-es-sslis used as a Common Name so that hostcustom-certificate-es-sslis verified as valid Client.
Now run following commands
$ wget https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.04.10/docs/examples/elasticsearch/x-pack/openssl-config/openssl-client.ini
$ openssl req -config openssl-client.ini -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -out client-csr.pem -keyout client-key.pem
$ openssl ca -config openssl-sign.ini -batch -policy signing_policy -extensions signing_req -out client.pem -infiles client-csr.pem
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -certfile root.pem -inkey client-key.pem -in client.pem -password "pass:$KEY_PASS" -out client.pkcs12
$ keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore client.pkcs12 -storepass $KEY_PASS -srcstoretype pkcs12 -srcstorepass $KEY_PASS -destkeystore client.jks -deststoretype pkcs12
Generated client.jks will be used as keystore for http layer TLS.
Create Secret
Now create a Secret with these certificates to use in your Elasticsearch object.
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl-cert \
--from-file=root.pem \
--from-file=root.jks \
--from-file=node.jks \
--from-file=client.jks \
--from-literal=key_pass=$KEY_PASS
secret/custom-certificate-es-ssl-cert created
Note:
root.pemis added in Secret so that user can use these to connect Elasticsearch
Use this Secret custom-certificate-es-ssl-cert in your Elasticsearch object.
Create an Elasticsearch database
Below is the Elasticsearch object created in this tutorial.
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Elasticsearch
metadata:
name: custom-certificate-es-ssl
namespace: demo
spec:
version: searchguard-7.9.3
enableSSL: true
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
Here,
spec.certificateSecretspecifies Secret with certificates those will be used in Elasticsearch database.
Create example above with following command
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.04.10/docs/examples/elasticsearch/x-pack/custom-certificate-es-ssl.yaml
elasticsearch.kubedb.com/custom-certificate-es-ssl created
KubeDB operator sets the status.phase to Running once the database is successfully created.
$ kubectl get es -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl -o wide
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
custom-certificate-es-ssl 7.3.2 Running 1m
Connect to Elasticsearch Database
We need to provide root.pem to connect to elasticsearch nodes.
Let’s forward port 9200 of custom-certificate-es-ssl-0 pod. Run following command in a separate terminal,
$ kubectl port-forward -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl-0 9200
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:9200 -> 9200
Forwarding from [::1]:9200 -> 9200
Now, we can connect with the database at localhost:9200.
Connection information:
Address:
localhost:9200Username: Run following command to get username
$ kubectl get secrets -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\ADMIN_USERNAME}' | base64 -d elasticPassword: Run following command to get password
$ kubectl get secrets -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\ADMIN_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d uft73z6jRoot CA: Run following command to get
root.pemfile$ kubectl get secrets -n demo custom-certificate-es-ssl-cert -o jsonpath='{.data.\root\.pem}' | base64 --decode > root.pem
Now, let’s check health of our Elasticsearch database.
$ curl --user "elastic:uft73z6j" "https://localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty" --cacert root.pem
{
"cluster_name" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl",
"status" : "green",
"timed_out" : false,
"number_of_nodes" : 1,
"number_of_data_nodes" : 1,
"active_primary_shards" : 0,
"active_shards" : 0,
"relocating_shards" : 0,
"initializing_shards" : 0,
"unassigned_shards" : 0,
"delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
"number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
"number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
"task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
"active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}
Additionally, to query the settings about xpack,
$ curl --user "elastic:uft73z6j" "https://localhost:9200/_nodes/_all/settings?pretty" --cacert root.pem
{
"_nodes" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"cluster_name" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl",
"nodes" : {
"L75i6kmaRRWqy7-IqnDbbA" : {
"name" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl-0",
"transport_address" : "10.4.0.166:9300",
"host" : "10.4.0.166",
"ip" : "10.4.0.166",
"version" : "7.3.2",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "docker",
"build_hash" : "508c38a",
"roles" : [
"master",
"data",
"ingest"
],
"attributes" : {
"ml.machine_memory" : "7841263616",
"xpack.installed" : "true",
"ml.max_open_jobs" : "20"
},
"settings" : {
"cluster" : {
"initial_master_nodes" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl-0",
"name" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl"
},
"node" : {
"name" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl-0",
"attr" : {
"xpack" : {
"installed" : "true"
},
"ml" : {
"machine_memory" : "7841263616",
"max_open_jobs" : "20"
}
},
"data" : "true",
"ingest" : "true",
"master" : "true"
},
"path" : {
"logs" : "/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs",
"home" : "/usr/share/elasticsearch"
},
"discovery" : {
"seed_hosts" : "custom-certificate-es-ssl-master"
},
"client" : {
"type" : "node"
},
"http" : {
"compression" : "false",
"type" : "security4",
"type.default" : "netty4"
},
"transport" : {
"type" : "security4",
"features" : {
"x-pack" : "true"
},
"type.default" : "netty4"
},
"xpack" : {
"security" : {
"http" : {
"ssl" : {
"enabled" : "true"
}
},
"enabled" : "true",
"transport" : {
"ssl" : {
"enabled" : "true"
}
}
}
},
"network" : {
"host" : "0.0.0.0"
}
}
}
}
}
Cleaning up
To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl patch -n demo es/custom-certificate-es-ssl -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
kubectl delete -n demo es/custom-certificate-es-ssl
kubectl delete ns demo
Next Steps
- Learn how to use TLS certificates to connect Elasticsearch from here.
- Learn how to generate x-pack configuration.
- Want to hack on KubeDB? Check our contribution guidelines.