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Initialize PostgreSQL with Script

KubeDB supports PostgreSQL database initialization. This tutorial will show you how to use KubeDB to initialize a PostgreSQL database from script.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.

Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.

To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

$ kubectl get ns demo
NAME    STATUS  AGE
demo    Active  5s

Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/postgres folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.

Prepare Initialization Scripts

PostgreSQL supports initialization with .sh, .sql and .sql.gz files. In this tutorial, we will use data.sql script from postgres-init-scripts git repository to create a TABLE dashboard in data Schema.

We will use a ConfigMap as script source. You can use any Kubernetes supported volume as script source.

At first, we will create a ConfigMap from data.sql file. Then, we will provide this ConfigMap as script source in init.script of Postgres crd spec.

Let’s create a ConfigMap with initialization script,

$ kubectl create configmap -n demo pg-init-script \
--from-literal=data.sql="$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubedb/postgres-init-scripts/master/data.sql)"
configmap/pg-init-script created

Create PostgreSQL with script source

Following YAML describes the Postgres object with init.script,

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Postgres
metadata:
  name: script-postgres
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "13.13"
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  init:
    script:
      configMap:
        name: pg-init-script

Here,

  • init.script specifies scripts used to initialize the database when it is being created.

VolumeSource provided in init.script will be mounted in Pod and will be executed while creating PostgreSQL.

Now, let’s create the Postgres crd which YAML we have shown above,

$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2023.12.28/docs/examples/postgres/initialization/script-postgres.yaml
postgres.kubedb.com/script-postgres created

Now, wait until Postgres goes in Running state. Verify that the database is in Running state using following command,

 $ kubectl get pg -n demo script-postgres
NAME              VERSION    STATUS    AGE
script-postgres   10.2-v5    Running   39s

You can use kubectl dba describe command to view which resources has been created by KubeDB for this Postgres object.

$ kubectl dba describe pg -n demo script-postgres
Name:               script-postgres
Namespace:          demo
CreationTimestamp:  Fri, 21 Sep 2018 15:53:27 +0600
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1alpha2","kind":"Postgres","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"script-postgres","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"init":{"script...
Replicas:           1  total
Status:             Running
Init:
  script:
Volume:
    Type:       ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:       pg-init-script
    Optional:   false
  StorageType:  Durable
Volume:
  StorageClass:  standard
  Capacity:      1Gi
  Access Modes:  RWO

StatefulSet:
  Name:               script-postgres
  CreationTimestamp:  Fri, 21 Sep 2018 15:53:28 +0600
  Labels:               app.kubernetes.io/name=postgreses.kubedb.com
                        app.kubernetes.io/instance=script-postgres
  Annotations:        <none>
  Replicas:           824638467136 desired | 1 total
  Pods Status:        1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed

Service:
  Name:         script-postgres
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/name=postgreses.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=script-postgres
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           10.108.14.12
  Port:         api  5432/TCP
  TargetPort:   api/TCP
  Endpoints:    192.168.1.31:5432

Service:
  Name:         script-postgres-replicas
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/name=postgreses.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=script-postgres
  Annotations:  <none>
  Type:         ClusterIP
  IP:           10.110.102.203
  Port:         api  5432/TCP
  TargetPort:   api/TCP
  Endpoints:    192.168.1.31:5432

Database Secret:
  Name:         script-postgres-auth
  Labels:         app.kubernetes.io/name=postgreses.kubedb.com
                  app.kubernetes.io/instance=script-postgres
  Annotations:  <none>

Type:  Opaque

Data
====
  POSTGRES_PASSWORD:  16 bytes
  POSTGRES_USER:      8 bytes

Topology:
  Type     Pod                StartTime                      Phase
  ----     ---                ---------                      -----
  primary  script-postgres-0  2018-09-21 15:53:28 +0600 +06  Running

No Snapshots.

Events:
  Type    Reason      Age   From               Message
  ----    ------      ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Successful  1m    Postgres operator  Successfully created Service
  Normal  Successful  1m    Postgres operator  Successfully created Service
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully created StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully created Postgres
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully patched Postgres
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully patched StatefulSet
  Normal  Successful  57s   Postgres operator  Successfully patched Postgres

Verify Initialization

Now let’s connect to our Postgres script-postgres using pgAdmin we have installed in quickstart tutorial to verify that the database has been initialized successfully.

Connection Information:

  • Host name/address: you can use any of these

    • Service: script-postgres.demo
    • Pod IP: ($ kubectl get pods script-postgres-0 -n demo -o yaml | grep podIP)
  • Port: 5432

  • Maintenance database: postgres

  • Username: Run following command to get username,

    $ kubectl get secrets -n demo script-postgres-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\POSTGRES_USER}' | base64 -d
    postgres
    
  • Password: Run the following command to get password,

    $ kubectl get secrets -n demo script-postgres-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.\POSTGRES_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d
    NC1fEq0q5XqHazB8
    

In PostgreSQL, run following query to check pg_catalog.pg_tables to confirm initialization.

select * from pg_catalog.pg_tables where schemaname = 'data';
schemanametablenametableownerhasindexeshasruleshastriggersrowsecurity
datadashboardpostgrestruefalsefalsefalse

We can see TABLE dashboard in data Schema which is created through initialization.

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

$ kubectl patch -n demo pg/script-postgres -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge"
$ kubectl delete -n demo pg/script-postgres

$ kubectl delete -n demo configmap/pg-init-script
$ kubectl delete ns demo

Next Steps