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Configure TLS/SSL in MySQL
KubeDB supports providing TLS/SSL encryption (via, requireSSL mode) for MySQL. This tutorial will show you how to use KubeDB to deploy a MySQL database with TLS/SSL configuration.
Before You Begin
At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Install
cert-mangerv1.0.0 or later to your cluster to manage your SSL/TLS certificates.Install
KubeDBin your cluster following the steps here.To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called
demothroughout this tutorial.$ kubectl create ns demo namespace/demo created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.
Deploy MySQL database with TLS/SSL configuration
As pre-requisite, at first, we are going to create an Issuer/ClusterIssuer. This Issuer/ClusterIssuer is used to create certificates. Then we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone and a group replication that will be configured with these certificates by KubeDB operator.
Create Issuer/ClusterIssuer
Now, we are going to create an example Issuer that will be used throughout the duration of this tutorial. Alternatively, you can follow this cert-manager tutorial to create your own Issuer. By following the below steps, we are going to create our desired issuer,
- Start off by generating our ca-certificates using openssl,
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ./ca.key -out ./ca.crt -subj "/CN=mysql/O=kubedb"
- create a secret using the certificate files we have just generated,
kubectl create secret tls my-ca \
--cert=ca.crt \
--key=ca.key \
--namespace=demo
secret/my-ca created
Now, we are going to create an Issuer using the my-ca secret that hols the ca-certificate we have just created. Below is the YAML of the Issuer cr that we are going to create,
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Issuer
metadata:
name: mysql-issuer
namespace: demo
spec:
ca:
secretName: my-ca
Let’s create the Issuer cr we have shown above,
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.26-rc.0/docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls/issuer.yaml
issuer.cert-manager.io/mysql-issuer created
Deploy MySQL with TLS/SSL configuration
Now, we are going to deploy a MySQL group replication with TLS/SSL configuration. Below is the YAML for MySQL group replication that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: some-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.0.35"
replicas: 3
topology:
mode: GroupReplication
group:
name: "dc002fc3-c412-4d18-b1d4-66c1fbfbbc9b"
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
requireSSL: true
tls:
issuerRef:
apiGroup: cert-manager.io
kind: Issuer
name: mysql-issuer
certificates:
- alias: server
subject:
organizations:
- kubedb:server
dnsNames:
- localhost
ipAddresses:
- "127.0.0.1"
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Deploy MySQL group replication:
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.26-rc.0/docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls/group-replication.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/some-mysql created
Now, we are going to deploy a MySQL Innodb with TLS/SSL configuration. Below is the YAML for MySQL innodb cluster that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: some-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.0.31-innodb"
replicas: 3
topology:
mode: InnoDBCluster
innoDBCluster:
router:
replicas: 1
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
requireSSL: true
tls:
issuerRef:
apiGroup: cert-manager.io
kind: Issuer
name: mysql-issuer
certificates:
- alias: server
subject:
organizations:
- kubedb:server
dnsNames:
- localhost
ipAddresses:
- "127.0.0.1"
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Deploy MySQL Innodb Cluster:
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.26-rc.0/docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls/innodb.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/some-mysql created
Now, we are going to deploy a `MySQL` Semi sync cluster with TLS/SSL configuration. Below is the YAML for MySQL semi-sync cluster that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: some-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.0.35"
replicas: 3
topology:
mode: SemiSync
semiSync:
sourceWaitForReplicaCount: 1
sourceTimeout: 24h
errantTransactionRecoveryPolicy: PseudoTransaction
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
requireSSL: true
tls:
issuerRef:
apiGroup: cert-manager.io
kind: Issuer
name: mysql-issuer
certificates:
- alias: server
subject:
organizations:
- kubedb:server
dnsNames:
- localhost
ipAddresses:
- "127.0.0.1"
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Deploy MySQL Semi-sync:
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.26-rc.0/docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls/semi-sync.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/some-mysql created
Now, we are going to deploy a stand alone MySQL with TLS/SSL configuration. Below is the YAML for stand alone MySQL that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: some-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.0.35"
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
requireSSL: true
tls:
issuerRef:
apiGroup: cert-manager.io
kind: Issuer
name: mysql-issuer
certificates:
- alias: server
subject:
organizations:
- kubedb:server
dnsNames:
- localhost
ipAddresses:
- "127.0.0.1"
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Deploy Stand Alone MySQL:
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.26-rc.0/docs/guides/mysql/tls/configure/yamls/standalone.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/some-mysql created
Wait for the database to be ready :
Now, watch MySQL is going to Running state and also watch StatefulSet and its pod is created and going to Running state,
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get my -n demo some-mysql
Every 3.0s: kubectl get my -n demo some-mysql suaas-appscode: Thu Aug 13 19:02:15 2020
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
some-mysql 8.0.35 Running 9m41s
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get sts -n demo some-mysql
Every 3.0s: kubectl get sts -n demo some-mysql suaas-appscode: Thu Aug 13 19:02:42 2020
NAME READY AGE
some-mysql 3/3 9m51s
$ watch -n 3 kubectl get pod -n demo -l app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com,app.kubernetes.io/instance=some-mysql
Every 3.0s: kubectl get pod -n demo -l app.kubernetes.io/name=mysqls.kubedb.com suaas-appscode: Thu Aug 13 19:03:02 2020
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
some-mysql-0 2/2 Running 0 10m
some-mysql-1 2/2 Running 0 4m4s
some-mysql-2 2/2 Running 0 2m3s
Verify tls-secrets created successfully :
If everything goes well, you can see that our tls-secrets will be created which contains server, client, exporter certificate. Server tls-secret will be used for server configuration and client tls-secret will be used for a secure connection.
All tls-secret are created by KubeDB Ops Manager. Default tls-secret name formed as {mysql-object-name}-{cert-alias}-cert.
Let’s check the tls-secrets have created,
$ kubectl get secrets -n demo | grep "some-mysql"
some-mysql-client-cert kubernetes.io/tls 3 13m
some-mysql-auth Opaque 2 13m
some-mysql-metrics-exporter-cert kubernetes.io/tls 3 13m
some-mysql-metrics-exporter-config Opaque 1 13m
some-mysql-server-cert kubernetes.io/tls 3 13m
some-mysql-token-49sjm kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 13m
Verify MySQL Standalone configured to TLS/SSL:
Now, we are going to connect to the database for verifying the MySQL group replication has configured with TLS/SSL encryption.
Let’s exec into the pod to verify TLS/SSL configuration,
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo some-mysql-0 -c mysql -- bash
root@my-group-0:/# ls /etc/mysql/certs/
ca.crt client.crt client.key server.crt server.key
root@my-group-0:/# mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p{MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 27
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';
+---------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| admin_ssl_ca | |
| admin_ssl_capath | |
| admin_ssl_cert | |
| admin_ssl_cipher | |
| admin_ssl_crl | |
| admin_ssl_crlpath | |
| admin_ssl_key | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_ca | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_capath | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_cert | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_cipher | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_crl | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_crlpath | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_key | |
| group_replication_recovery_ssl_verify_server_cert | OFF |
| group_replication_recovery_use_ssl | ON |
| group_replication_ssl_mode | REQUIRED |
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
| mysqlx_ssl_ca | |
| mysqlx_ssl_capath | |
| mysqlx_ssl_cert | |
| mysqlx_ssl_cipher | |
| mysqlx_ssl_crl | |
| mysqlx_ssl_crlpath | |
| mysqlx_ssl_key | |
| ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/certs/ca.crt |
| ssl_capath | /etc/mysql/certs |
| ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/certs/server.crt |
| ssl_cipher | |
| ssl_crl | |
| ssl_crlpath | |
| ssl_fips_mode | OFF |
| ssl_key | /etc/mysql/certs/server.key |
+---------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
34 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%require_secure_transport%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| require_secure_transport | ON |
+--------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
The above output shows that the MySQL server is configured to TLS/SSL. You can also see that the .crt and .key files are stored in the /etc/ mysql/certs/ directory for client and server.
Verify secure connection for SSL required user:
Now, you can create an SSL required user that will be used to connect to the database with a secure connection.
Let’s connect to the database server with a secure connection,
# creating SSL required user
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo some-mysql-0 -c mysql -- bash
root@my-group-0:/# mysql -uroot -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 27
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE USER 'mysql_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pass' REQUIRE SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
# accessing database server with newly created user
root@my-group-0:/# mysql -umysql_user -ppass
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mysql_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
# accessing the database server newly created user with ssl-mode=disable
root@my-group-0:/# mysql -umysql_user -ppass --ssl-mode=disabled
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mysql_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
# accessing the database server newly created user with certificates
root@my-group-0:/# mysql -umysql_user -ppass --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/certs/ca.crt --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/certs/client.crt --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/certs/client.key
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 384
Server version: 5.7.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
You are enforcing ssl connection via unix socket. Please consider
switching ssl off as it does not make connection via unix socket
any more secure.
mysql> exit
Bye
From the above output, you can see that only using client certificate we can access the database securely, otherwise, it shows “Access denied”. Our client certificate is stored in /etc/mysql/certs/ directory.
Cleaning up
To clean up the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl delete my -n demo my-standalone-tls
kubectl delete my -n demo some-mysql
kubectl delete ns demo
Next Steps
- Detail concepts of MySQL object.