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Monitoring Elasticsearch with builtin Prometheus

This tutorial will show you how to monitor Elasticsearch database using builtin Prometheus scraper.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Install KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.
If you are not familiar with how to configure Prometheus to scrape metrics from various Kubernetes resources, please read the tutorial from here.
To learn how Prometheus monitoring works with KubeDB in general, please visit here.
To keep Prometheus resources isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called monitoring to deploy respective monitoring resources. We are going to deploy database in demo namespace.
```
$ kubectl create ns monitoring
namespace/monitoring created

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
```

Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/elasticsearch folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.

Deploy Elasticsearch with Monitoring Enabled

At first, let’s deploy an Elasticsearch database with monitoring enabled. Below is the Elasticsearch object that we are going to create.

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Elasticsearch
metadata:
  name: builtin-prom-es
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: xpack-8.11.1
  terminationPolicy: WipeOut
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  monitor:
    agent: prometheus.io/builtin

Here,

spec.monitor.agent: prometheus.io/builtin specifies that we are going to monitor this server using builtin Prometheus scraper.

Let’s create the Elasticsearch crd we have shown above.

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.31/docs/examples/elasticsearch/monitoring/builtin-prom-es.yaml
elasticsearch.kubedb.com/builtin-prom-es created

Now, wait for the database to go into Running state.

$ kubectl get es -n demo builtin-prom-es
NAME              VERSION   STATUS    AGE
builtin-prom-es   7.3.2     Running   4m

KubeDB will create a separate stats service with name {Elasticsearch crd name}-stats for monitoring purpose.

$ kubectl get svc -n demo --selector="app.kubernetes.io/instance=builtin-prom-es"
NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)     AGE
builtin-prom-es          ClusterIP   10.0.14.79   <none>        9200/TCP    4m10s
builtin-prom-es-master   ClusterIP   10.0.1.39    <none>        9300/TCP    4m10s
builtin-prom-es-stats    ClusterIP   10.0.3.147   <none>        56790/TCP   3m14s

Here, builtin-prom-es-stats service has been created for monitoring purpose. Let’s describe the service.

$ kubectl describe svc -n demo builtin-prom-es-stats
Name:              builtin-prom-es-stats
Namespace:         demo
Labels:            app.kubernetes.io/name=elasticsearches.kubedb.com
                   app.kubernetes.io/instance=builtin-prom-es
                   kubedb.com/role=stats
Annotations:       monitoring.appscode.com/agent: prometheus.io/builtin
                   prometheus.io/path: /metrics
                   prometheus.io/port: 56790
                   prometheus.io/scrape: true
Selector:          app.kubernetes.io/name=elasticsearches.kubedb.com,app.kubernetes.io/instance=builtin-prom-es
Type:              ClusterIP
IP:                10.0.3.147
Port:              prom-http  56790/TCP
TargetPort:        prom-http/TCP
Endpoints:         10.4.0.49:56790
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

You can see that the service contains following annotations.

prometheus.io/path: /metrics
prometheus.io/port: 56790
prometheus.io/scrape: true

The Prometheus server will discover the service endpoint using these specifications and will scrape metrics from the exporter.

Configure Prometheus Server

Now, we have to configure a Prometheus scraping job to scrape the metrics using this service. We are going to configure scraping job similar to this kubernetes-service-endpoints job that scrapes metrics from endpoints of a service.

Let’s configure a Prometheus scraping job to collect metrics from this service.

- job_name: 'kubedb-databases'
  honor_labels: true
  scheme: http
  kubernetes_sd_configs:
  - role: endpoints
  # by default Prometheus server select all Kubernetes services as possible target.
  # relabel_config is used to filter only desired endpoints
  relabel_configs:
  # keep only those services that has "prometheus.io/scrape","prometheus.io/path" and "prometheus.io/port" anootations
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
    separator: ;
    regex: true;(.*)
    action: keep
  # currently KubeDB supported databases uses only "http" scheme to export metrics. so, drop any service that uses "https" scheme.
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
    action: drop
    regex: https
  # only keep the stats services created by KubeDB for monitoring purpose which has "-stats" suffix
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
    separator: ;
    regex: (.*-stats)
    action: keep
  # service created by KubeDB will have "app.kubernetes.io/name" and "app.kubernetes.io/instance" annotations. keep only those services that have these annotations.
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app_kubernetes_io_name]
    separator: ;
    regex: (.*)
    action: keep
  # read the metric path from "prometheus.io/path: <path>" annotation
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
    action: replace
    target_label: __metrics_path__
    regex: (.+)
  # read the port from "prometheus.io/port: <port>" annotation and update scraping address accordingly
  - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
    action: replace
    target_label: __address__
    regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
    replacement: $1:$2
  # add service namespace as label to the scraped metrics
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
    separator: ;
    regex: (.*)
    target_label: namespace
    replacement: $1
    action: replace
  # add service name as a label to the scraped metrics
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
    separator: ;
    regex: (.*)
    target_label: service
    replacement: $1
    action: replace
  # add stats service's labels to the scraped metrics
  - action: labelmap
    regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)

Configure Existing Prometheus Server

If you already have a Prometheus server running, you have to add above scraping job in the ConfigMap used to configure the Prometheus server. Then, you have to restart it for the updated configuration to take effect.

If you don’t use a persistent volume for Prometheus storage, you will lose your previously scraped data on restart.

Deploy New Prometheus Server

If you don’t have any existing Prometheus server running, you have to deploy one. In this section, we are going to deploy a Prometheus server in monitoring namespace to collect metrics using this stats service.

Create ConfigMap:

At first, create a ConfigMap with the scraping configuration. Bellow, the YAML of ConfigMap that we are going to create in this tutorial.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  labels:
    app: prometheus-demo
  namespace: monitoring
data:
  prometheus.yml: |-
    global:
      scrape_interval: 5s
      evaluation_interval: 5s
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'kubedb-databases'
      honor_labels: true
      scheme: http
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      # by default Prometheus server select all Kubernetes services as possible target.
      # relabel_config is used to filter only desired endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      # keep only those services that has "prometheus.io/scrape","prometheus.io/path" and "prometheus.io/port" anootations
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        separator: ;
        regex: true;(.*)
        action: keep
      # currently KubeDB supported databases uses only "http" scheme to export metrics. so, drop any service that uses "https" scheme.
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: drop
        regex: https
      # only keep the stats services created by KubeDB for monitoring purpose which has "-stats" suffix
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        separator: ;
        regex: (.*-stats)
        action: keep
      # service created by KubeDB will have "app.kubernetes.io/name" and "app.kubernetes.io/instance" annotations. keep only those services that have these annotations.
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app_kubernetes_io_name]
        separator: ;
        regex: (.*)
        action: keep
      # read the metric path from "prometheus.io/path: <path>" annotation
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      # read the port from "prometheus.io/port: <port>" annotation and update scraping address accordingly
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      # add service namespace as label to the scraped metrics
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        separator: ;
        regex: (.*)
        target_label: namespace
        replacement: $1
        action: replace
      # add service name as a label to the scraped metrics
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        separator: ;
        regex: (.*)
        target_label: service
        replacement: $1
        action: replace
      # add stats service's labels to the scraped metrics
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)

Let’s create above ConfigMap,

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.1.31/docs/examples/monitoring/builtin-prometheus/prom-config.yaml
configmap/prometheus-config created

Create RBAC:

If you are using an RBAC enabled cluster, you have to give necessary RBAC permissions for Prometheus. Let’s create necessary RBAC stuffs for Prometheus,

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/appscode/third-party-tools/raw/master/monitoring/prometheus/builtin/artifacts/rbac.yaml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created
serviceaccount/prometheus created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created

YAML for the RBAC resources created above can be found here.

Deploy Prometheus:

Now, we are ready to deploy Prometheus server. We are going to use following deployment to deploy Prometheus server.

Let’s deploy the Prometheus server.

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/appscode/third-party-tools/raw/master/monitoring/prometheus/builtin/artifacts/deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/prometheus created

Verify Monitoring Metrics

Prometheus server is listening to port 9090. We are going to use port forwarding to access Prometheus dashboard.

At first, let’s check if the Prometheus pod is in Running state.

$ kubectl get pod -n monitoring -l=app=prometheus
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
prometheus-8568c86d86-95zhn   1/1     Running   0          77s

Now, run following command on a separate terminal to forward 9090 port of prometheus-8568c86d86-95zhn pod,

$ kubectl port-forward -n monitoring prometheus-8568c86d86-95zhn 9090
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:9090 -> 9090
Forwarding from [::1]:9090 -> 9090

Now, we can access the dashboard at localhost:9090. Open http://localhost:9090 in your browser. You should see the endpoint of builtin-prom-es-stats service as one of the targets.

Prometheus Target

Check the labels marked with red rectangle. These labels confirm that the metrics are coming from Elasticsearch database builtin-prom-es through stats service builtin-prom-es-stats.

Now, you can view the collected metrics and create a graph from homepage of this Prometheus dashboard. You can also use this Prometheus server as data source for Grafana and create beautiful dashboard with collected metrics.

Cleaning up

To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run following commands

$ kubectl delete -n demo es/builtin-prom-es

$ kubectl delete -n monitoring deployment.apps/prometheus

$ kubectl delete -n monitoring clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus
$ kubectl delete -n monitoring serviceaccount/prometheus
$ kubectl delete -n monitoring clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus

$ kubectl delete ns demo
$ kubectl delete ns monitoring

Next Steps

Learn about backup & restore Elasticsearch database using Stash.
Learn how to configure Elasticsearch Topology Cluster.
Monitor your Elasticsearch database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box Prometheus operator.
Use private Docker registry to deploy Elasticsearch with KubeDB.
Want to hack on KubeDB? Check our contribution guidelines.

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