Application Level Backup and Restore Redis database using KubeStash
KubeStash offers application-level backup and restore functionality for Redis databases. It captures both manifest and data backups of any Redis database in a single snapshot. During the restore process, KubeStash first applies the Redis manifest to the cluster and then restores the data into it.
This guide will give you an overview how you can take application-level backup and restore your Redis databases using Kubestash.
Before You Begin
- At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the
kubectlcommand-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by usingMinikubeorKind. - Install
KubeDBin your cluster following the steps here. - Install
KubeStashin your cluster following the steps here. - Install KubeStash
kubectlplugin following the steps here. - If you are not familiar with how KubeStash backup and restore Redis databases, please check the following guide here.
You should be familiar with the following KubeStash concepts:
To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/redis/backup/kubestash/application-level/examples directory of kubedb/docs repository.
Backup Redis
KubeStash supports backups for Redis instances across different configurations, including Standalone, Cluster and Sentinel modes. In this demonstration, we’ll focus on a Redis database of Standalone mode. The backup and restore process is similar for Sentinel and Cluster configuration.
This section will demonstrate how to take application-level backup of a Redis database. Here, we are going to deploy a Redis database using KubeDB. Then, we are going to back up the database at the application level to a GCS bucket. Finally, we will restore the entire Redis database.
Deploy Sample Redis Database
Let’s deploy a sample Redis database and insert some data into it.
Create Redis CR:
Below is the YAML of a sample Redis CR that we are going to create for this tutorial:
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1
kind: Redis
metadata:
name: sample-redis
namespace: demo
spec:
version: 7.4.0
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
deletionPolicy: Delete
Create the above Redis CR,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.18/docs/guides/redis/backup/kubestash/application-level/examples/sample-redis.yaml
redis.kubedb.com/sample-redis created
KubeDB will deploy a Redis database according to the above specification. It will also create the necessary Secrets and Services to access the database.
Let’s check if the database is ready to use,
$ kubectl get rd -n demo sample-redis
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
sample-redis 7.4.0 Ready 2m
The database is Ready. Verify that KubeDB has created a Secret and a Service for this database using the following commands,
$ kubectl get secret -n demo
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
sample-redis-auth kubernetes.io/basic-auth 2 3m5s
sample-redis-config Opaque 1 2m14s
$ kubectl get service -n demo -l=app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-redis
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
sample-redis ClusterIP 10.96.131.142 <none> 6379/TCP 2m53s
sample-redis-pods ClusterIP None <none> 6379/TCP 2m53s
Here, we have to use service sample-redis and secret sample-redis-auth to connect with the database. KubeDB creates an AppBinding CR that holds the necessary information to connect with the database.
Verify AppBinding:
Verify that the AppBinding has been created successfully using the following command,
$ kubectl get appbindings -n demo
NAME TYPE VERSION AGE
sample-redis kubedb.com/redis 7.4.0 2m53s
Let’s check the YAML of the above AppBinding,
$ kubectl get appbindings -n demo sample-redis -o yaml
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
metadata:
annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1","kind":"Redis","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"sample-redis","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"deletionPolicy":"Delete","storage":{"accessModes":["ReadWriteOnce"],"resources":{"requests":{"storage":"1Gi"}},"storageClassName":"standard"},"storageType":"Durable","version":"7.4.0"}}
creationTimestamp: "2024-09-19T11:33:26Z"
generation: 1
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: database
app.kubernetes.io/instance: sample-redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubedb.com
app.kubernetes.io/name: redises.kubedb.com
name: sample-redis
namespace: demo
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1
blockOwnerDeletion: true
controller: true
kind: Redis
name: sample-redis
uid: bb6cb9d1-6350-4d32-b0ff-309585075e85
resourceVersion: "1221288"
uid: 57fe3454-2498-45f0-9254-6aeba5f87818
spec:
appRef:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: Redis
name: sample-redis
namespace: demo
clientConfig:
service:
name: sample-redis
port: 6379
scheme: redis
parameters:
apiVersion: config.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: RedisConfiguration
stash:
addon:
backupTask:
name: redis-backup-7.0.5
restoreTask:
name: redis-restore-7.0.5
secret:
name: sample-redis-auth
type: kubedb.com/redis
version: 7.4.0
KubeStash uses the AppBinding CR to connect with the target database. It requires the following two fields to set in AppBinding’s .spec section.
Here,
.spec.clientConfig.service.namespecifies the name of the Service that connects to the database..spec.secretspecifies the name of the Secret that holds necessary credentials to access the database..spec.typespecifies the types of the app that this AppBinding is pointing to. KubeDB generated AppBinding follows the following format:<app group>/<app resource type>.
Insert Sample Data:
Now, we are going to exec into the database pod and create some sample data. At first, find out the database Pod using the following command,
$ kubectl get pods -n demo --selector="app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-redis"
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
sample-redis-0 1/1 Running 0 5m39s
Now, let’s exec into the pod and insert some data,
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-redis-0 -c redis -- bash
redis@sample-redis-0:/data$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set db redis
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set name batman
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set key value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> exit
redis@sample-redis-0:/data$ exit
exit
Now, we are ready to backup the database.
Prepare Backend
We are going to store our backed up data into a GCS bucket. We have to create a Secret with necessary credentials and a BackupStorage CR to use this backend. If you want to use a different backend, please read the respective backend configuration doc from here.
Create Secret:
Let’s create a secret called gcs-secret with access credentials to our desired GCS bucket,
$ echo -n '<your-project-id>' > GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
$ cat /path/to/downloaded-sa-key.json > GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo gcs-secret \
--from-file=./GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID \
--from-file=./GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
secret/gcs-secret created
Create BackupStorage:
Now, create a BackupStorage using this secret. Below is the YAML of BackupStorage CR we are going to create,
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: BackupStorage
metadata:
name: gcs-storage
namespace: demo
spec:
storage:
provider: gcs
gcs:
bucket: kubestash-qa
prefix: demo
secretName: gcs-secret
usagePolicy:
allowedNamespaces:
from: All
default: true
deletionPolicy: Delete
Let’s create the BackupStorage we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.18/docs/guides/redis/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/backupstorage.yaml
backupstorage.storage.kubestash.com/gcs-storage created
Now, we are ready to backup our database to our desired backend.
Create RetentionPolicy:
Now, let’s create a RetentionPolicy to specify how the old Snapshots should be cleaned up.
Below is the YAML of the RetentionPolicy object that we are going to create,
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: RetentionPolicy
metadata:
name: demo-retention
namespace: demo
spec:
default: true
failedSnapshots:
last: 2
maxRetentionPeriod: 2mo
successfulSnapshots:
last: 5
usagePolicy:
allowedNamespaces:
from: All
Let’s create the above RetentionPolicy,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.18/docs/guides/redis/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/retentionpolicy.yaml
retentionpolicy.storage.kubestash.com/demo-retention created
Backup
We have to create a BackupConfiguration targeting respective sample-redis Redis database. Then, KubeStash will create a CronJob for each session to take periodic backup of that database.
At first, we need to create a secret with a Restic password for backup data encryption.
Create Secret:
Let’s create a secret called encrypt-secret with the Restic password,
$ echo -n 'changeit' > RESTIC_PASSWORD
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo encrypt-secret \
--from-file=./RESTIC_PASSWORD \
secret "encrypt-secret" created
Create BackupConfiguration:
Below is the YAML for BackupConfiguration CR to take application-level backup of the sample-redis database that we have deployed earlier,
apiVersion: core.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: BackupConfiguration
metadata:
name: sample-redis-backup
namespace: demo
spec:
target:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: Redis
namespace: demo
name: sample-redis
backends:
- name: gcs-backend
storageRef:
namespace: demo
name: gcs-storage
retentionPolicy:
name: demo-retention
namespace: demo
sessions:
- name: frequent-backup
scheduler:
schedule: "*/5 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
backoffLimit: 1
repositories:
- name: gcs-redis-repo
backend: gcs-backend
directory: /redis
encryptionSecret:
name: encrypt-secret
namespace: demo
addon:
name: redis-addon
tasks:
- name: manifest-backup
- name: logical-backup
.spec.sessions[*].schedulespecifies that we want to backup at5 minutesinterval..spec.targetrefers to the targetedsample-redisRedis database that we created earlier..spec.sessions[*].addon.tasks[*].name[*]specifies that both themanifest-backupandlogical-backuptasks will be executed.
Let’s create the BackupConfiguration CR that we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.18/docs/guides/redis/kubestash/application-level/examples/backupconfiguration.yaml
backupconfiguration.core.kubestash.com/sample-redis-backup created
Verify Backup Setup Successful
If everything goes well, the phase of the BackupConfiguration should be Ready. The Ready phase indicates that the backup setup is successful. Let’s verify the Phase of the BackupConfiguration,
$ kubectl get backupconfiguration -n demo
NAME PHASE PAUSED AGE
sample-redis-backup Ready 2m50s
Additionally, we can verify that the Repository specified in the BackupConfiguration has been created using the following command,
$ kubectl get repo -n demo
NAME INTEGRITY SNAPSHOT-COUNT SIZE PHASE LAST-SUCCESSFUL-BACKUP AGE
gcs-redis-repo 0 0 B Ready 3m
KubeStash keeps the backup for Repository YAMLs. If we navigate to the GCS bucket, we will see the Repository YAML stored in the demo/redis directory.
Verify CronJob:
It will also create a CronJob with the schedule specified in spec.sessions[*].scheduler.schedule field of BackupConfiguration CR.
Verify that the CronJob has been created using the following command,
$ kubectl get cronjob -n demo
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
trigger-sample-redis-backup-frequent-backup */5 * * * * 0 2m45s 3m25s
Verify BackupSession:
KubeStash triggers an instant backup as soon as the BackupConfiguration is ready. After that, backups are scheduled according to the specified schedule.
$ kubectl get backupsession -n demo -w
NAME INVOKER-TYPE INVOKER-NAME PHASE DURATION AGE
sample-redis-backup-frequent-backup-1725449400 BackupConfiguration sample-redis-backup Succeeded 7m22s
We can see from the above output that the backup session has succeeded. Now, we are going to verify whether the backed up data has been stored in the backend.
Verify Backup:
Once a backup is complete, KubeStash will update the respective Repository CR to reflect the backup. Check that the repository gcs-redis-repo has been updated by the following command,
$ kubectl get repository -n demo gcs-redis-repo
NAME INTEGRITY SNAPSHOT-COUNT SIZE PHASE LAST-SUCCESSFUL-BACKUP AGE
gcs-redis-repo true 1 806 B Ready 8m27s 9m18s
At this moment we have one Snapshot. Run the following command to check the respective Snapshot which represents the state of a backup run for an application.
$ kubectl get snapshots -n demo -l=kubestash.com/repo-name=gcs-redis-repo
NAME REPOSITORY SESSION SNAPSHOT-TIME DELETION-POLICY PHASE AGE
gcs-redis-repo-sample-redis-backup-frequent-backup-1725449400 gcs-redis-repo frequent-backup 2024-01-23T13:10:54Z Delete Succeeded 16h
Note: KubeStash creates a
Snapshotwith the following labels:
kubestash.com/app-ref-kind: <target-kind>kubestash.com/app-ref-name: <target-name>kubestash.com/app-ref-namespace: <target-namespace>kubestash.com/repo-name: <repository-name>These labels can be used to watch only the
Snapshots related to our target Database orRepository.
If we check the YAML of the Snapshot, we can find the information about the backed up components of the Database.
$ kubectl get snapshots -n demo gcs-redis-repo-sample-redis-backup-frequent-backup-1725449400 -oyaml
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2024-09-18T13:04:35Z"
finalizers:
- kubestash.com/cleanup
generation: 1
labels:
kubedb.com/db-version: 7.4.0
kubestash.com/app-ref-kind: Redis
kubestash.com/app-ref-name: redis-standalone-2
kubestash.com/app-ref-namespace: demo
kubestash.com/repo-name: customize-blueprint
name: customize-blueprint-appbinding-rne-2-frequent-backup-1726664655
namespace: demo
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
blockOwnerDeletion: true
controller: true
kind: Repository
name: customize-blueprint
uid: c107da60-af66-4ad6-83cc-d80053a11de3
resourceVersion: "1182349"
uid: 93b20b59-abce-41a5-88da-f2ce6e98713d
spec:
appRef:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: Redis
name: redis-standalone-2
namespace: demo
backupSession: appbinding-redis-standalone-2-frequent-backup-1726664655
deletionPolicy: Delete
repository: customize-blueprint
session: frequent-backup
snapshotID: 01J82KR4C7ZER9ZM0W52TVBEET
type: FullBackup
version: v1
status:
components:
dump:
driver: Restic
duration: 29.378445351s
integrity: true
path: repository/v1/frequent-backup/dump
phase: Succeeded
resticStats:
- hostPath: dumpfile.resp
id: 73cf596a525bcdb439e87812045e7a25c6bd82574513351ab434793c134fc817
size: 184 B
uploaded: 483 B
size: 380 B
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: "2024-09-18T13:04:35Z"
message: Recent snapshot list updated successfully
reason: SuccessfullyUpdatedRecentSnapshotList
status: "True"
type: RecentSnapshotListUpdated
- lastTransitionTime: "2024-09-18T13:07:06Z"
message: Metadata uploaded to backend successfully
reason: SuccessfullyUploadedSnapshotMetadata
status: "True"
type: SnapshotMetadataUploaded
integrity: true
phase: Succeeded
size: 380 B
snapshotTime: "2024-09-18T13:04:35Z"
totalComponents: 1
KubeStash uses redis-dump-go to perform backups of target
Redisdatabases. Therefore, the component name for logical backups is set asdump.KubeStash set component name as
manifestfor themanifest backupof Redis databases.
Now, if we navigate to the GCS bucket, we will see the backed up data stored in the demo/redis/repository/v1/frequent-backup/dump directory. KubeStash also keeps the backup for Snapshot YAMLs, which can be found in the demo/redis/snapshots directory.
Note: KubeStash stores all dumped data encrypted in the backup directory, meaning it remains unreadable until decrypted.
Restore
In this section, we are going to restore the entire database from the backup that we have taken in the previous section.
For this tutorial, we will restore the database in a separate namespace called dev.
First, create the namespace by running the following command:
$ kubectl create ns dev
namespace/dev created
Create RestoreSession:
We need to create a RestoreSession CR.
Below, is the contents of YAML file of the RestoreSession CR that we are going to create to restore the entire database.
apiVersion: core.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: RestoreSession
metadata:
name: restore-sample-redis
namespace: demo
spec:
# manifestOptions:
# restoreNamespace: dev
# redis:
# db: true
dataSource:
repository: gcs-redis-repo
snapshot: latest
encryptionSecret:
name: encrypt-secret
namespace: demo
addon:
name: redis-addon
tasks:
- name: logical-backup-restore
# - name: manifest-restore
Here,
.spec.manifestOptions.redis.dbspecifies whether to restore the DB manifest or not..spec.dataSource.repositoryspecifies the Repository object that holds the backed up data..spec.dataSource.snapshotspecifies to restore from latestSnapshot..spec.addon.tasks[*]specifies that both themanifest-restoreandlogical-backup-restoretasks.
Let’s create the RestoreSession CR object we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.18/docs/guides/redis/backup/kubestash/application-level/examples/restoresession.yaml
restoresession.core.kubestash.com/restore-sample-redis created
Once, you have created the RestoreSession object, KubeStash will create restore Job. Run the following command to watch the phase of the RestoreSession object,
$ watch kubectl get restoresession -n demo
Every 2.0s: kubectl get restores... AppsCode-PC-03: Wed Aug 21 10:44:05 2024
NAME REPOSITORY FAILURE-POLICY PHASE DURATION AGE
restore-sample-redis gcs-redis-repo Succeeded 3s 53s
The Succeeded phase means that the restore process has been completed successfully.
Verify Restored Redis Manifest:
In this section, we will verify whether the desired Redis database manifest has been successfully applied to the cluster.
$ kubectl get redis -n dev
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
sample-redis 7.4.0 Ready 9m46s
The output confirms that the Redis database has been successfully created with the same configuration as it had at the time of backup.
Verify Restored Data:
In this section, we are going to verify whether the desired data has been restored successfully. We are going to connect to the database server and check whether the data we inserted earlier in the original database are restored.
At first, check if the database has gone into Ready state by the following command,
$ kubectl get redis -n dev sample-redis
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
sample-redis 7.4.0 Ready 9m46s
Now, find out the database Pod by the following command,
$ kubectl get pods -n dev --selector="app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-redis"
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
sample-redis-0 1/1 Running 0 12m
Now, lets exec one of the Pod and verify restored data.
$ kubectl exec -it -n dev sample-redis-0 -c redis -- bash
redis@sample-redis-0:/data$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"batman"
127.0.0.1:6379> get key
"value"
127.0.0.1:6379> exit
redis@sample-redis-0:/data$ exit
exit
So, from the above output, we can see the demo database we had created in the original database sample-redis has been restored successfully.
Cleanup
To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl delete backupconfigurations.core.kubestash.com -n demo sample-redis-backup
kubectl delete retentionpolicies.storage.kubestash.com -n demo demo-retention
kubectl delete restoresessions.core.kubestash.com -n demo restore-sample-redis
kubectl delete backupstorage -n demo gcs-storage
kubectl delete secret -n demo gcs-secret
kubectl delete secret -n demo encrypt-secret
kubectl delete redis -n demo sample-redis
kubectl delete redis -n dev sample-redis