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Autoscaling the Compute Resource of a SingleStore Cluster
This guide will show you how to use KubeDB to autoscale compute resources i.e. cpu and memory of a singlestore cluster for aggregator and leaf nodes.
Before You Begin
At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the
kubectlcommand-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster.Install
KubeDBProvisioner, Ops-manager and Autoscaler operator in your cluster following the steps here.Install
Metrics Serverfrom hereYou should be familiar with the following
KubeDBconcepts:
To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/singlestore directory of kubedb/docs repository.
Autoscaling of SingleStore Cluster
Here, we are going to deploy a SingleStore Cluster using a supported version by KubeDB operator. Then we are going to apply SingleStoreAutoscaler to set up autoscaling.
Create SingleStore License Secret
We need SingleStore License to create SingleStore Database. So, Ensure that you have acquired a license and then simply pass the license by secret.
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo license-secret \
--from-literal=username=license \
--from-literal=password='your-license-set-here'
secret/license-secret created
Deploy SingleStore Cluster
In this section, we are going to deploy a SingleStore with version 8.7.10. Then, in the next section we will set up autoscaling for this database using SingleStoreAutoscaler CRD. Below is the YAML of the SingleStore CR that we are going to create,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: Singlestore
metadata:
name: sdb-sample
namespace: demo
spec:
version: 8.7.10
topology:
aggregator:
replicas: 2
podTemplate:
spec:
containers:
- name: singlestore
resources:
limits:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "0.7"
requests:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "0.7"
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
leaf:
replicas: 3
podTemplate:
spec:
containers:
- name: singlestore
resources:
limits:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "0.7"
requests:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "0.7"
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
licenseSecret:
name: license-secret
storageType: Durable
deletionPolicy: WipeOut
Let’s create the SingleStore CRO we have shown above,
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.8-rc.0/docs/examples/singlestore/autoscaling/compute/sdb-cluster.yaml
singlestore.kubedb.com/sdb-cluster created
Now, wait until sdb-sample has status Ready. i.e,
NAME TYPE VERSION STATUS AGE
singlestore.kubedb.com/sdb-sample kubedb.com/v1alpha2 8.7.10 Ready 4m35s
Let’s check the aggregator pod containers resources,
kubectl get pod -n demo sdb-sample-aggregator-0 -o json | jq '.spec.containers[].resources'
{
"limits": {
"cpu": "700m",
"memory": "2Gi"
},
"requests": {
"cpu": "700m",
"memory": "2Gi"
}
}
Let’s check the SingleStore aggregator node resources,
kubectl get singlestore -n demo sdb-sample -o json | jq '.spec.topology.aggregator.podTemplate.spec.containers[] | select(.name == "singlestore") | .resources'
{
"limits": {
"cpu": "700m",
"memory": "2Gi"
},
"requests": {
"cpu": "700m",
"memory": "2Gi"
}
}
You can see from the above outputs that the resources are same as the one we have assigned while deploying the singlestore.
We are now ready to apply the SingleStoreAutoscaler CRO to set up autoscaling for this database.
Compute Resource Autoscaling
Here, we are going to set up compute resource autoscaling using a SingleStoreAutoscaler Object.
Create SingleStoreAutoscaler Object
In order to set up compute resource autoscaling for this singlestore cluster, we have to create a SingleStoreAutoscaler CRO with our desired configuration. Below is the YAML of the SingleStoreAutoscaler object that we are going to create,
apiVersion: autoscaling.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: SinglestoreAutoscaler
metadata:
name: sdb-cluster-autoscaler
namespace: demo
spec:
databaseRef:
name: sdb-sample
compute:
aggregator:
trigger: "On"
podLifeTimeThreshold: 5m
minAllowed:
cpu: 900m
memory: 3Gi
maxAllowed:
cpu: 2000m
memory: 6Gi
controlledResources: ["cpu", "memory"]
containerControlledValues: "RequestsAndLimits"
resourceDiffPercentage: 10
Here,
spec.databaseRef.namespecifies that we are performing compute resource scaling operation onsdb-samplecluster.spec.compute.aggregator.triggerorspec.compute.leaf.triggerspecifies that compute autoscaling is enabled for this cluster.spec.compute.aggregator.podLifeTimeThresholdorspec.compute.leaf.podLifeTimeThresholdspecifies the minimum lifetime for at least one of the pod to initiate a vertical scaling.spec.compute.aggregator.resourceDiffPercentageorspec.compute.leaf.resourceDiffPercentagespecifies the minimum resource difference in percentage. The default is 10%.If the difference between current & recommended resource is less than ResourceDiffPercentage, Autoscaler Operator will ignore the updating.spec.compute.aggregator.minAllowedorspec.compute.leaf.minAllowedspecifies the minimum allowed resources for the cluster.spec.compute.aggregator.maxAllowedorspec.compute.leaf.maxAllowedspecifies the maximum allowed resources for the cluster.spec.compute.aggregator.controlledResourcesorspec.compute.leaf.controlledResourcesspecifies the resources that are controlled by the autoscaler.spec.compute.aggregator.containerControlledValuesorspec.compute.leaf.containerControlledValuesspecifies which resource values should be controlled. The default is “RequestsAndLimits”.spec.opsRequestOptionscontains the options to pass to the created OpsRequest. It has 2 fields.timeoutspecifies the timeout for the OpsRequest.applyspecifies when the OpsRequest should be applied. The default is “IfReady”.
Let’s create the SinglestoreAutoscaler CR we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.11.8-rc.0/docs/examples/singlestore/autoscaler/compute/sdb-cluster-autoscaler.yaml
singlestoreautoscaler.autoscaling.kubedb.com/sdb-cluster-autoscaler created
Verify Autoscaling is set up successfully
Let’s check that the singlestoreautoscaler resource is created successfully,
$ kubectl describe singlestoreautoscaler -n demo sdb-cluster-autoscaler
Name: sdb-cluster-autoscaler
Namespace: demo
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
API Version: autoscaling.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Kind: SinglestoreAutoscaler
Metadata:
Creation Timestamp: 2024-09-10T08:55:26Z
Generation: 1
Owner References:
API Version: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
Block Owner Deletion: true
Controller: true
Kind: Singlestore
Name: sdb-sample
UID: f81d0592-9dda-428a-b0b4-e72ab3643e22
Resource Version: 424275
UID: 6b7b3d72-b92f-4e6f-88eb-4e891c24c550
Spec:
Compute:
Aggregator:
Container Controlled Values: RequestsAndLimits
Controlled Resources:
cpu
memory
Max Allowed:
Cpu: 2
Memory: 6Gi
Min Allowed:
Cpu: 900m
Memory: 3Gi
Pod Life Time Threshold: 5m0s
Resource Diff Percentage: 10
Trigger: On
Database Ref:
Name: sdb-sample
Ops Request Options:
Apply: IfReady
Status:
Checkpoints:
Cpu Histogram:
Bucket Weights:
Index: 0
Weight: 2455
Index: 1
Weight: 2089
Index: 2
Weight: 10000
Index: 3
Weight: 361
Reference Timestamp: 2024-09-10T09:05:00Z
Total Weight: 5.5790751974302655
First Sample Start: 2024-09-10T08:59:26Z
Last Sample Start: 2024-09-10T09:15:18Z
Last Update Time: 2024-09-10T09:15:27Z
Memory Histogram:
Bucket Weights:
Index: 1
Weight: 1821
Index: 2
Weight: 10000
Reference Timestamp: 2024-09-10T09:05:00Z
Total Weight: 14.365194626381038
Ref:
Container Name: singlestore-coordinator
Vpa Object Name: sdb-sample-aggregator
Total Samples Count: 32
Version: v3
Cpu Histogram:
Bucket Weights:
Index: 5
Weight: 3770
Index: 6
Weight: 10000
Index: 7
Weight: 132
Index: 20
Weight: 118
Reference Timestamp: 2024-09-10T09:05:00Z
Total Weight: 6.533759718059768
First Sample Start: 2024-09-10T08:59:26Z
Last Sample Start: 2024-09-10T09:16:19Z
Last Update Time: 2024-09-10T09:16:28Z
Memory Histogram:
Bucket Weights:
Index: 17
Weight: 8376
Index: 18
Weight: 10000
Reference Timestamp: 2024-09-10T09:05:00Z
Total Weight: 17.827743425726553
Ref:
Container Name: singlestore
Vpa Object Name: sdb-sample-aggregator
Total Samples Count: 34
Version: v3
Conditions:
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:43Z
Message: Successfully created SinglestoreOpsRequest demo/sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: CreateOpsRequest
Status: True
Type: CreateOpsRequest
Vpas:
Conditions:
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:42Z
Status: True
Type: RecommendationProvided
Recommendation:
Container Recommendations:
Container Name: singlestore
Lower Bound:
Cpu: 900m
Memory: 3Gi
Target:
Cpu: 900m
Memory: 3Gi
Uncapped Target:
Cpu: 100m
Memory: 351198544
Upper Bound:
Cpu: 2
Memory: 6Gi
Vpa Name: sdb-sample-aggregator
Events: <none>
So, the singlestoreautoscaler resource is created successfully.
you can see in the Status.VPAs.Recommendation section, that recommendation has been generated for our database. Our autoscaler operator continuously watches the recommendation generated and creates an singlestoreopsrequest based on the recommendations, if the database pods resources are needed to scaled up or down.
Let’s watch the singlestoreopsrequest in the demo namespace to see if any singlestoreopsrequest object is created. After some time you’ll see that a singlestoreopsrequest will be created based on the recommendation.
$ watch kubectl get singlestoreopsrequest -n demo
Every 2.0s: kubectl get singlestoreopsrequest -n demo
NAME TYPE STATUS AGE
sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141 VerticalScaling Progressing 10s
Let’s wait for the ops request to become successful.
$ kubectl get singlestoreopsrequest -n demo
NAME TYPE STATUS AGE
sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141 VerticalScaling Successful 3m2s
We can see from the above output that the SinglestoreOpsRequest has succeeded. If we describe the SinglestoreOpsRequest we will get an overview of the steps that were followed to scale the cluster.
$ kubectl describe singlestoreopsrequest -n demo sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
Name: sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
Namespace: demo
Labels: app.kubernetes.io/component=database
app.kubernetes.io/instance=sdb-sample
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=kubedb.com
app.kubernetes.io/name=singlestores.kubedb.com
Annotations: <none>
API Version: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Kind: SinglestoreOpsRequest
Metadata:
Creation Timestamp: 2024-09-10T08:59:43Z
Generation: 1
Owner References:
API Version: autoscaling.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Block Owner Deletion: true
Controller: true
Kind: SinglestoreAutoscaler
Name: sdb-cluster-autoscaler
UID: 6b7b3d72-b92f-4e6f-88eb-4e891c24c550
Resource Version: 406111
UID: 978a1a00-f217-4326-b103-f66bbccf2943
Spec:
Apply: IfReady
Database Ref:
Name: sdb-sample
Type: VerticalScaling
Vertical Scaling:
Aggregator:
Resources:
Limits:
Cpu: 900m
Memory: 3Gi
Requests:
Cpu: 900m
Memory: 3Gi
Status:
Conditions:
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:01:55Z
Message: Timeout: request did not complete within requested timeout - context deadline exceeded
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: Failed
Status: True
Type: VerticalScaling
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:46Z
Message: Successfully paused database
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: DatabasePauseSucceeded
Status: True
Type: DatabasePauseSucceeded
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:46Z
Message: Successfully updated PetSets Resources
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: UpdatePetSets
Status: True
Type: UpdatePetSets
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:01:21Z
Message: Successfully Restarted Pods With Resources
Observed Generation: 1
Reason: RestartPods
Status: True
Type: RestartPods
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:52Z
Message: get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: GetPod--sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T08:59:52Z
Message: evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: EvictPod--sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:00:31Z
Message: check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: CheckPodReady--sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:00:36Z
Message: get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: GetPod--sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:00:36Z
Message: evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: EvictPod--sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Last Transition Time: 2024-09-10T09:01:16Z
Message: check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Observed Generation: 1
Status: True
Type: CheckPodReady--sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Observed Generation: 1
Phase: Successful
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Starting 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator Start processing for SinglestoreOpsRequest: demo/sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
Normal Starting 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator Pausing Singlestore database: demo/sdb-sample
Normal Successful 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator Successfully paused Singlestore database: demo/sdb-sample for SinglestoreOpsRequest: sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
Normal UpdatePetSets 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator Successfully updated PetSets Resources
Warning get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Warning evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Warning check pod ready; ConditionStatus:False; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0 25m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator check pod ready; ConditionStatus:False; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Warning check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-0
Warning get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator get pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Warning evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator evict pod; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Warning check pod ready; ConditionStatus:False; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator check pod ready; ConditionStatus:False; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Warning check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator check pod ready; ConditionStatus:True; PodName:sdb-sample-aggregator-1
Normal RestartPods 24m KubeDB Ops-manager Operator Successfully Restarted Pods With Resources
Normal Starting
Normal Successful
Now, we are going to verify from the Pod, and the singlestore yaml whether the resources of the topology database has updated to meet up the desired state, Let’s check,
kubectl get pod -n demo sdb-sample-aggregator-0 -o json | jq '.spec.containers[].resources'
{
"limits": {
"cpu": "900m",
"memory": "3Gi"
},
"requests": {
"cpu": "900m",
"memory": "3Gi"
}
}
kubectl get singlestore -n demo sdb-sample -o json | jq '.spec.topology.aggregator.podTemplate.spec.containers[] | select(.name == "singlestore") | .resources'
{
"limits": {
"cpu": "900m",
"memory": "3Gi"
},
"requests": {
"cpu": "900m",
"memory": "3Gi"
}
}
The above output verifies that we have successfully auto scaled the resources of the SingleStore cluster.
Cleaning Up
To clean up the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl delete singlestoreopsrequest -n demo sdbops-sdb-sample-aggregator-c0u141
kubectl delete singlestoreautoscaler -n demo sdb-cluster-autoscaler
kubectl delete kf -n demo sdb-sample
kubectl delete ns demo
Next Steps
- Detail concepts of SingleStore object.
- Different SingleStore clustering modes here.
- Monitor your singlestore database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box Prometheus operator.
- Monitor your singlestore database with KubeDB using out-of-the-box builtin-Prometheus.
- Want to hack on KubeDB? Check our contribution guidelines.