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Update major version of MySQL Standalone

This guide will show you how to use KubeDB Ops Manager to update the major version of MySQL standalone.

Before You Begin

At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Install KubeDB in your cluster following the steps here.
You should be familiar with the following KubeDB concepts:

To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/mysql/update-version/majorversion/standalone/yamls directory of kubedb/docs repository.

Apply Version updating on Standalone

Here, we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone using a supported version by KubeDB operator. Then we are going to apply updating on it.

Prepare Standalone

At first, we are going to deploy a standalone using supported that MySQL version whether it is possible to update from this version to another. In the next two sections, we are going to find out the supported version and version update constraints.

Find supported MySQLVersion:

When you have installed KubeDB, it has created MySQLVersion CR for all supported MySQL versions. Let’s check support versions,

$ kubectl get mysqlversion
NAME            VERSION   DISTRIBUTION   DB_IMAGE                    DEPRECATED   AGE
5.7.35-v1       5.7.35    Official       mysql:5.7.35                             13d
5.7.44          5.7.44    Official       mysql:5.7.44                             13d
8.0.17          8.0.17    Official       mysql:8.0.17                             13d
8.0.35          8.0.35    Official       mysql:8.0.35                             13d
8.0.31-innodb   8.0.35    MySQL          mysql/mysql-server:8.0.35                13d
8.0.35          8.0.35    Official       mysql:8.0.35                             13d
8.0.3-v4        8.0.3     Official       mysql:8.0.3                              13d

The version above that does not show DEPRECATED true is supported by KubeDB for MySQL. You can use any non-deprecated version. Now, we are going to select a non-deprecated version from MySQLVersion for MySQL standalone that will be possible to update from this version to another version. In the next section, we are going to verify version update constraints.

Check update Constraints:

Database version update constraints is a constraint that shows whether it is possible or not possible to update from one version to another. Let’s check the version update constraints of MySQL 5.7.44,

$ kubectl get mysqlversion 5.7.44 -o yaml | kubectl neat
apiVersion: catalog.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: MySQLVersion
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubedb-catalog
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: kubedb
  creationTimestamp: "2022-06-16T13:52:58Z"
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubedb-catalog
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kubedb-catalog
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v2022.03.28
    helm.sh/chart: kubedb-catalog-v2022.03.28
  name: 5.7.44
  resourceVersion: "1092465"
  uid: 4cc87fc8-efd7-4e69-bb12-4454a2b1bf06
spec:
  coordinator:
    image: kubedb/mysql-coordinator:v0.5.0
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7.44
  distribution: Official
  exporter:
    image: kubedb/mysqld-exporter:v0.13.1
  initContainer:
    image: kubedb/mysql-init:5.7-v2
  podSecurityPolicies:
    databasePolicyName: mysql-db
  replicationModeDetector:
    image: kubedb/replication-mode-detector:v0.13.0
  stash:
    addon:
      backupTask:
        name: mysql-backup-5.7.25
      restoreTask:
        name: mysql-restore-5.7.25
  updateConstraints:
    denylist:
      groupReplication:
      - < 5.7.44
      standalone:
      - < 5.7.44
  version: 5.7.44

The above spec.updateConstraints.denylist is showing that updating below version of 5.7.44 is not possible for both standalone and group replication. That means, it is possible to update any version above 5.7.44. Here, we are going to create a MySQL standalone using MySQL 5.7.44. Then we are going to update this version to 8.0.35.

Deploy MySQL standalone:

In this section, we are going to deploy a MySQL standalone. Then, in the next section, we will update the version of the database using updating. Below is the YAML of the MySQL cr that we are going to create,

apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MySQL
metadata:
  name: my-standalone
  namespace: demo
spec:
  version: "5.7.44"
  storageType: Durable
  storage:
    storageClassName: "standard"
    accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
  terminationPolicy: WipeOut

Let’s create the MySQL cr we have shown above,

$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.6.4/docs/guides/mysql/update-version/majorversion/standalone/yamls/standalone.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/my-standalone created

Wait for the database to be ready:

KubeDB operator watches for MySQL objects using Kubernetes API. When a MySQL object is created, KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet, Services, and Secrets, etc. A secret called my-standalone-auth (format: {mysql-object-name}-auth) will be created storing the password for mysql superuser. Now, watch MySQL is going to Running state and also watch StatefulSet and its pod is created and going to Running state,

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone

NAME            VERSION      STATUS    AGE
my-standalone   5.7.44    Running   3m

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone

NAME            READY   AGE
my-standalone   1/1     3m42s

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0

NAME              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-standalone-0   1/1     Running   0          5m23s

Let’s verify the MySQL, the StatefulSet and its Pod image version,

$ kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
5.7.44

$ kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:5.7.44

$ kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
kubedb/my:5.7.44

We are ready to apply updating on this MySQL standalone.

UpdateVersion

Here, we are going to update MySQL standalone from 5.7.44 to 8.0.35.

Create MySQLOpsRequest:

To update the standalone, you have to create a MySQLOpsRequest cr with your desired version that supported by KubeDB. Below is the YAML of the MySQLOpsRequest cr that we are going to create,

apiVersion: ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
kind: MySQLOpsRequest
metadata:
  name: my-update-major-standalone
  namespace: demo
spec:
  databaseRef:
    name: my-standalone
  type: UpdateVersion
  updateVersion:
    targetVersion: "8.0.35"

Here,

spec.databaseRef.name specifies that we are performing operation on my-group MySQL database.
spec.type specifies that we are going to perform UpdateVersion on our database.
spec.updateVersion.targetVersion specifies expected version 8.0.35 after updating.

Let’s create the MySQLOpsRequest cr we have shown above,

$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.6.4/docs/guides/mysql/update-version/majorversion/standalone/yamls/update_major_version_standalone.yaml
mysqlopsrequest.ops.kubedb.com/my-update-major-standalone created

Verify MySQL version updated successfully:

If everything goes well, KubeDB Ops Manager will update the image of MySQL, StatefulSet, and its Pod.

At first, we will wait for MySQLOpsRequest to be successful. Run the following command to watch MySQlOpsRequest cr,

$ watch -n 3 kubectl get myops -n demo my-update-major-standalone

NAME                         TYPE            STATUS       AGE
my-update-major-standalone   UpdateVersion   Successful   3m57s

We can see from the above output that the MySQLOpsRequest has succeeded. If we describe the MySQLOpsRequest, we shall see that the MySQL, StatefulSet, and its Pod have updated with a new image.

$ kubectl describe myops -n demo my-update-major-standalone
Name:         my-update-major-standalone
Namespace:    demo
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
API Version:  ops.kubedb.com/v1alpha1
Kind:         MySQLOpsRequest
Metadata:
  Creation Timestamp:  2022-06-30T07:55:16Z
    Manager:         kubedb-ops-manager
    Operation:       Update
    Time:            2022-06-30T07:55:16Z
  Resource Version:  1708721
  UID:               460319fc-8dc4-45d7-8958-fa84e24d5f51
Spec:
  Database Ref:
    Name:  my-standalone
  Type:    UpdateVersion
  UpdateVersion:
    TargetVersion:  8.0.35
Status:
  Conditions:
    Last Transition Time:  2022-06-30T07:55:16Z
    Message:               Controller has started to Progress the MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-update-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                OpsRequestProgressingStarted
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Progressing
    Last Transition Time:  2022-06-30T07:55:16Z
    Message:               MySQL version updateFunc stated for MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-update-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                DatabaseVersionupdatingStarted
    Status:                True
    Type:                  updating
    Last Transition Time:  2022-06-30T07:59:16Z
    Message:               Image successfully updated in MySQL: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-update-major-standalone 
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                SuccessfullyUpdatedDatabaseVersion
    Status:                True
    Type:                  UpdateVersion
    Last Transition Time:  2022-06-30T07:59:16Z
    Message:               Controller has successfully updated the MySQL demo/my-update-major-standalone
    Observed Generation:   1
    Reason:                OpsRequestProcessedSuccessfully
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Successful
  Observed Generation:     3
  Phase:                   Successful
Events:
  Type    Reason      Age    From                        Message
  ----    ------      ----   ----                        -------
  Normal  Starting    8m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Start processing for MySQLOpsRequest: demo/my-update-major-standalone
  Normal  Starting    8m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Pausing MySQL databse: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  8m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Successfully paused MySQL database: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-update-major-standalone
  Normal  Starting    6m2s   KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Restarting Pod: my-standalone-0/demo
  Normal  Successful  4m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Image successfully updated in MySQL: demo/my-standalone for MySQLOpsRequest: my-update-major-standalone
  Normal  Starting    4m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Resuming MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  4m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Successfully resumed MySQL database: demo/my-standalone
  Normal  Successful  4m47s  KubeDB Enterprise Operator  Controller has Successfully updated the version of MySQL : demo/my-standalone

Now, we are going to verify whether the MySQL, StatefulSet and it’s Pod have updated with new image. Let’s check,

$ kubectl get my -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.version}{"\n"}'
8.0.35

$ kubectl get sts -n demo my-standalone -o=jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
mysql:8.0.35

$ kubectl get pod -n demo my-standalone-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].image}{"\n"}'
mysql:8.0.35

You can see above that our MySQLstandalone has been updated with the new version. It verifies that we have successfully updated our standalone.

Cleaning Up

To clean up the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:

kubectl delete my -n demo my-standalone
kubectl delete myops -n demo my-update-major-standalone

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