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KubeDB - PerconaXtraDB Cluster
This tutorial will show you how to create a 3 node PerconaXtraDB Cluster using KubeDB.
Before You Begin
Before proceeding:
Read perconaxtradb galera cluster concept to learn about PerconaXtraDB Group Replication.
You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using kind.
Now, install KubeDB cli on your workstation and KubeDB operator in your cluster following the steps here.
To keep things isolated, this tutorial uses a separate namespace called
demothroughout this tutorial. Run the following command to prepare your cluster for this tutorial:$ kubectl create ns demo namespace/demo created
Note: The yaml files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/examples/mysql folder in GitHub repository kubedb/docs.
Deploy PerconaXtraDB Cluster
The following is an example PerconaXtraDB object which creates a multi-master PerconaXtraDB group with three members.
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: PerconaXtraDB
metadata:
name: sample-pxc
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.0.26"
replicas: 3
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "standard"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.6.4/docs/guides/percona-xtradb/clustering/galera-cluster/examples/demo-1.yaml
perconaxtradb.kubedb.com/sample-pxc created
Here,
spec.replicasis the number of nodes in the cluster.spec.storagespecifies the StorageClass of PVC dynamically allocated to store data for this database. This storage spec will be passed to the StatefulSet created by KubeDB operator to run database pods. So, each members will have a pod of this storage configuration. You can specify any StorageClass available in your cluster with appropriate resource requests.
KubeDB operator watches for PerconaXtraDB objects using Kubernetes API. When a PerconaXtraDB object is created, KubeDB operator will create a new StatefulSet and a Service with the matching PerconaXtraDB object name. KubeDB operator will also create a governing service for the StatefulSet with the name <perconaxtradb-object-name>-pods.
$ kubectl get perconaxtradb -n demo sample-pxc -o yaml
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: PerconaXtraDB
metadata:
annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"kubedb.com/v1alpha2","kind":"PerconaXtraDB","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"sample-pxc","namespace":"demo"},"spec":{"replicas":3,"storage":{"accessModes":["ReadWriteOnce"],"resources":{"requests":{"storage":"1Gi"}},"storageClassName":"standard"},"storageType":"Durable","terminationPolicy":"WipeOut","version":"8.0.26"}}
creationTimestamp: "2022-12-20T05:15:56Z"
finalizers:
- kubedb.com
generation: 4
name: sample-pxc
namespace: demo
resourceVersion: "8919"
uid: 5202f646-1f14-4008-9034-cddd481a0ea3
spec:
allowedSchemas:
namespaces:
from: Same
authSecret:
name: sample-pxc-auth
autoOps: {}
coordinator:
resources: {}
healthChecker:
failureThreshold: 1
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 10
podTemplate:
controller: {}
metadata: {}
spec:
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: sample-pxc
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubedb.com
app.kubernetes.io/name: perconaxtradbs.kubedb.com
namespaces:
- demo
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
weight: 100
- podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: sample-pxc
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubedb.com
app.kubernetes.io/name: perconaxtradbs.kubedb.com
namespaces:
- demo
topologyKey: failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone
weight: 50
resources:
limits:
memory: 1Gi
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 1Gi
securityContext:
fsGroup: 1001
runAsGroup: 1001
runAsUser: 1001
serviceAccountName: sample-pxc
replicas: 3
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
storageClassName: standard
storageType: Durable
systemUserSecrets:
monitorUserSecret:
name: sample-pxc-monitor
replicationUserSecret:
name: sample-pxc-replication
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
version: 8.0.26
status:
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-12-20T05:15:56Z"
message: 'The KubeDB operator has started the provisioning of PerconaXtraDB: demo/sample-pxc'
reason: DatabaseProvisioningStartedSuccessfully
status: "True"
type: ProvisioningStarted
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-12-20T05:17:30Z"
message: All desired replicas are ready.
reason: AllReplicasReady
status: "True"
type: ReplicaReady
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-12-20T05:19:02Z"
message: database sample-pxc/demo is ready
observedGeneration: 4
reason: ReadinessCheckSucceeded
status: "True"
type: Ready
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-12-20T05:18:12Z"
message: database sample-pxc/demo is accepting connection
observedGeneration: 4
reason: AcceptingConnection
status: "True"
type: AcceptingConnection
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-12-20T05:19:07Z"
message: 'The PerconaXtraDB: demo/sample-pxc is successfully provisioned.'
observedGeneration: 4
reason: DatabaseSuccessfullyProvisioned
status: "True"
type: Provisioned
observedGeneration: 4
phase: Ready
$ kubectl get sts,svc,secret,pvc,pv,pod -n demo
NAME READY AGE
statefulset.apps/sample-pxc 3/3 7m5s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/sample-pxc ClusterIP 10.96.207.41 <none> 3306/TCP 7m11s
service/sample-pxc-pods ClusterIP None <none> 3306/TCP 7m11s
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
secret/default-token-bbgjp kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 7m19s
secret/sample-pxc-auth kubernetes.io/basic-auth 2 7m11s
secret/sample-pxc-monitor kubernetes.io/basic-auth 2 7m11s
secret/sample-pxc-replication kubernetes.io/basic-auth 2 7m11s
secret/sample-pxc-token-gbzg6 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 7m11s
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
persistentvolumeclaim/data-sample-pxc-0 Bound pvc-cb4f41de-1ead-4124-98a7-e3e950c8d10f 1Gi RWO standard 7m5s
persistentvolumeclaim/data-sample-pxc-1 Bound pvc-3c2887f5-5a7c-4df3-b7ca-34a6bcf91904 1Gi RWO standard 7m5s
persistentvolumeclaim/data-sample-pxc-2 Bound pvc-521f81f1-6261-4252-a2a8-32bfe472000e 1Gi RWO standard 7m5s
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
persistentvolume/pvc-3c2887f5-5a7c-4df3-b7ca-34a6bcf91904 1Gi RWO Delete Bound demo/data-sample-pxc-1 standard 7m3s
persistentvolume/pvc-521f81f1-6261-4252-a2a8-32bfe472000e 1Gi RWO Delete Bound demo/data-sample-pxc-2 standard 7m1s
persistentvolume/pvc-cb4f41de-1ead-4124-98a7-e3e950c8d10f 1Gi RWO Delete Bound demo/data-sample-pxc-0 standard 7m2s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/sample-pxc-0 2/2 Running 0 7m5s
pod/sample-pxc-1 2/2 Running 0 7m5s
pod/sample-pxc-2 2/2 Running 0 7m5s
Connect with PerconaXtraDB database
Once the database is in running state we can connect to each of three nodes. We will use login credentials MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME and MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD saved as container’s environment variable.
# First Node
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-0 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 133
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
# Second Node
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-1 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 123
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
# Third Node
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-2 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 139
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
Check the Cluster Status
Now, we are ready to check newly created cluster status. Connect and run the following commands from any of the hosts and you will get the same result, that is the cluster size is three.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-0 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 231
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
Data Availability
In a PerconaXtraDB Galera Cluster, Each member can read and write. In this section, we will insert data from any nodes, and we will see whether we can get the data from every other members.
Read the comment written for the following commands. They contain the instructions and explanations of the commands.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-0 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 260
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE playground;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE playground.equipment ( id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, type VARCHAR(50), quant INT, color VARCHAR(25), PRIMARY KEY(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO playground.equipment (type, quant, color) VALUES ('slide', 2, 'blue');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
bash-4.4$ exit
exit
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-2 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 253
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO playground.equipment (type, quant, color) VALUES ('slide', 4, 'red');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
| 6 | slide | 4 | red |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
bash-4.4$ exit
exit
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-2 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 283
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> INSERT INTO playground.equipment (type, quant, color) VALUES ('slide', 4, 'red');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
| 6 | slide | 4 | red |
| 9 | slide | 4 | red |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
bash-4.4$ exit
exit
Automatic Failover
To test automatic failover, we will force the one of three pods to restart and check if it can rejoin the cluster.
Read the comment written for the following commands. They contain the instructions and explanations of the commands.
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-0 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 332
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
| 6 | slide | 4 | red |
| 9 | slide | 4 | red |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
bash-4.4$ exit
exit
# Forcefully delete Node 1
~ $ kubectl delete pod -n demo sample-pxc-0
pod "sample-pxc-0" deleted
# Wait for sample-pxc-0 to restart
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-pxc-0 -- bash
Defaulted container "perconaxtradb" out of: perconaxtradb, px-coordinator, px-init (init)
bash-4.4$ mysql -u${MYSQL_ROOT_USERNAME} -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 49
Server version: 8.0.26-16.1 Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel16, Revision b141904, WSREP version 26.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
| 6 | slide | 4 | red |
| 9 | slide | 4 | red |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# Check cluster size
mysql [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
Cleaning up
Clean what we created in this tutorial.
$ kubectl delete perconaxtradb -n demo sample-pxc
perconaxtradb.kubedb.com "sample-pxc" deleted
$ kubectl delete ns demo
namespace "demo" deleted