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Backup and Restore MySQL database using KubeStash
KubeStash allows you to backup and restore MySQL databases. It supports backups for MySQL instances running in Standalone, Group Replication, and InnoDB cluster configurations. KubeStash makes managing your MySQL backups and restorations more straightforward and efficient.
This guide will give you how you can take backup and restore your MySQL databases using Kubestash.
Before You Begin
- At first, you need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the
kubectlcommand-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by usingMinikubeorKind. - Install
KubeDBin your cluster following the steps here. - Install
KubeStashin your cluster following the steps here. - Install KubeStash
kubectlplugin following the steps here. - If you are not familiar with how KubeStash backup and restore MySQL databases, please check the following guide here.
You should be familiar with the following KubeStash concepts:
To keep everything isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
Note: YAML files used in this tutorial are stored in docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples directory of kubedb/docs repository.
Backup MySQL
KubeStash supports backups for MySQL instances across different configurations, including Standalone, Group Replication, and InnoDB Cluster setups. In this demonstration, we’ll focus on a MySQL database using Group Replication. The backup and restore process is similar for Standalone and InnoDB Cluster configurations as well.
This section will demonstrate how to backup a MySQL database. Here, we are going to deploy a MySQL database using KubeDB. Then, we are going to backup this database into a GCS bucket. Finally, we are going to restore the backup up data into another MySQL database.
Deploy Sample MySQL Database
Let’s deploy a sample MySQL database and insert some data into it.
Create MySQL CR:
Below is the YAML of a sample MySQL CRD that we are going to create for this tutorial:
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: sample-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "8.2.0"
replicas: 3
topology:
mode: GroupReplication
storageType: Durable
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 50Mi
deletionPolicy: WipeOut
Here,
.spec.topologyspecifies about the clustering configuration of MySQL..Spec.topology.modespecifies the mode of MySQL Cluster. During the demonstration we consider to useGroupReplication.
Create the above MySQL CR,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/sample-mysql.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/sample-mysql created
KubeDB will deploy a MySQL database according to the above specification. It will also create the necessary Secrets and Services to access the database.
Let’s check if the database is ready to use,
$ kubectl get mysqls.kubedb.com -n demo
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
sample-mysql 8.2.0 Ready 4m22s
The database is Ready. Verify that KubeDB has created a Secret and a Service for this database using the following commands,
$ kubectl get secret -n demo -l=app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-mysql
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
sample-mysql-auth Opaque 2 4m58s
$ kubectl get service -n demo -l=app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-mysql
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
sample-mysql ClusterIP 10.96.55.61 <none> 3306/TCP 97s
sample-mysql-pods ClusterIP None <none> 3306/TCP 97s
sample-mysql-standby ClusterIP 10.96.211.186 <none> 3306/TCP 97
Here, we have to use service sample-mysql and secret sample-mysql-auth to connect with the database. KubeDB creates an AppBinding CR that holds the necessary information to connect with the database.
Verify AppBinding:
Verify that the AppBinding has been created successfully using the following command,
$ kubectl get appbindings -n demo
NAME AGE
sample-mysql 9m24s
Let’s check the YAML of the above AppBinding,
$ kubectl get appbindings -n demo sample-mysql -o yaml
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: database
app.kubernetes.io/instance: sample-mysql
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubedb.com
app.kubernetes.io/name: mysqls.kubedb.com
name: sample-mysql
namespace: demo
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1
blockOwnerDeletion: true
controller: true
kind: MySQL
name: sample-mysql
uid: edde3e8b-7775-4f91-85a9-4ba4b96315f7
resourceVersion: "5126"
uid: 86c9a149-f8ab-44c4-947f-5f9b402aad6c
spec:
appRef:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: MySQL
name: sample-mysql
namespace: demo
clientConfig:
service:
name: sample-mysql
path: /
port: 3306
scheme: tcp
url: tcp(sample-mysql.demo.svc:3306)/
...
...
secret:
name: sample-mysql-auth
type: kubedb.com/mysql
version: 8.2.0
KubeStash uses the AppBinding CR to connect with the target database. It requires the following two fields to set in AppBinding’s .spec section.
.spec.clientConfig.service.namespecifies the name of the Service that connects to the database..spec.secretspecifies the name of the Secret that holds necessary credentials to access the database.spec.typespecifies the types of the app that this AppBinding is pointing to. KubeDB generated AppBinding follows the following format:<app group>/<app resource type>.
Insert Sample Data:
Now, we are going to exec into the database pod and create some sample data. At first, find out the database Pod using the following command,
$ kubectl get pods -n demo --selector="app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-mysql"
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
sample-mysql-0 2/2 Running 0 2m41s
sample-mysql-1 2/2 Running 0 2m35s
sample-mysql-2 2/2 Running 0 2m29s
And copy the username and password of the root user to access into mysql shell.
$ kubectl get secret -n demo sample-mysql-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.username}'| base64 -d
root⏎
$ kubectl get secret -n demo sample-mysql-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.password}'| base64 -d
DZfmUZd14fNEEOU4⏎
Now, Lets exec into the Pod to enter into mysql shell and create a database and a table,
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo sample-mysql-0 -- mysql --user=root --password=DZfmUZd14fNEEOU4
Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, mysql-init (init)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 977
Server version: 8.2.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE playground;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| playground |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE playground.equipment ( id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, type VARCHAR(50), quant INT, color VARCHAR(25), PRIMARY KEY(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW TABLES IN playground;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_playground |
+----------------------+
| equipment |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO playground.equipment (type, quant, color) VALUES ("slide", 2, "blue");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
Now, we are ready to backup the database.
Prepare Backend
We are going to store our backed up data into a GCS bucket. We have to create a Secret with necessary credentials and a BackupStorage CR to use this backend. If you want to use a different backend, please read the respective backend configuration doc from here.
Create Secret:
Let’s create a secret called gcs-secret with access credentials to our desired GCS bucket,
$ echo -n '<your-project-id>' > GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
$ cat /path/to/downloaded-sa-key.json > GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo gcs-secret \
--from-file=./GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID \
--from-file=./GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY
secret/gcs-secret created
Create BackupStorage:
Now, create a BackupStorage using this secret. Below is the YAML of BackupStorage CR we are going to create,
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: BackupStorage
metadata:
name: gcs-storage
namespace: demo
spec:
storage:
provider: gcs
gcs:
bucket: kubestash-qa
prefix: demo
secretName: gcs-secret
usagePolicy:
allowedNamespaces:
from: All
default: true
deletionPolicy: Delete
Let’s create the BackupStorage we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/backupstorage.yaml
backupstorage.storage.kubestash.com/gcs-storage created
Now, we are ready to backup our database to our desired backend.
Create RetentionPolicy:
Now, let’s create a RetentionPolicy to specify how the old Snapshots should be cleaned up.
Below is the YAML of the RetentionPolicy object that we are going to create,
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: RetentionPolicy
metadata:
name: demo-retention
namespace: demo
spec:
default: true
failedSnapshots:
last: 2
maxRetentionPeriod: 2mo
successfulSnapshots:
last: 5
usagePolicy:
allowedNamespaces:
from: All
Let’s create the above RetentionPolicy,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/retentionpolicy.yaml
retentionpolicy.storage.kubestash.com/demo-retention created
Backup
We have to create a BackupConfiguration targeting respective sample-mysql MySQL database. Then, KubeStash will create a CronJob for each session to take periodic backup of that database.
At first, we need to create a secret with a Restic password for backup data encryption.
Create Secret:
Let’s create a secret called encrypt-secret with the Restic password,
$ echo -n 'changeit' > RESTIC_PASSWORD
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo encrypt-secret \
--from-file=./RESTIC_PASSWORD
secret "encrypt-secret" created
Create BackupConfiguration:
Below is the YAML for BackupConfiguration CR to backup the sample-mysql database that we have deployed earlier,
apiVersion: core.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: BackupConfiguration
metadata:
name: sample-mysql-backup
namespace: demo
spec:
target:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: MySQL
namespace: demo
name: sample-mysql
backends:
- name: gcs-backend
storageRef:
namespace: demo
name: gcs-storage
retentionPolicy:
name: demo-retention
namespace: demo
sessions:
- name: frequent-backup
scheduler:
schedule: "*/5 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
backoffLimit: 1
repositories:
- name: gcs-mysql-repo
backend: gcs-backend
directory: /mysql
encryptionSecret:
name: encrypt-secret
namespace: demo
addon:
name: mysql-addon
tasks:
- name: logical-backup
.spec.sessions[*].schedulespecifies that we want to backup the database at5 minutesinterval..spec.targetrefers to the targetedsample-mysqlMySQL database that we created earlier.
Let’s create the BackupConfiguration CR that we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/backupconfiguration.yaml
backupconfiguration.core.kubestash.com/sample-mysql-backup created
Verify Backup Setup Successful
If everything goes well, the phase of the BackupConfiguration should be Ready. The Ready phase indicates that the backup setup is successful. Let’s verify the Phase of the BackupConfiguration,
$ kubectl get backupconfiguration -n demo
NAME PHASE PAUSED AGE
sample-mysql-backup Ready 2m50s
Additionally, we can verify that the Repository specified in the BackupConfiguration has been created using the following command,
$ kubectl get repo -n demo
NAME INTEGRITY SNAPSHOT-COUNT SIZE PHASE LAST-SUCCESSFUL-BACKUP AGE
gcs-mysql-repo 0 0 B Ready 3m
KubeStash keeps the backup for Repository YAMLs. If we navigate to the GCS bucket, we will see the Repository YAML stored in the demo/mysql directory.
Verify CronJob:
It will also create a CronJob with the schedule specified in spec.sessions[*].scheduler.schedule field of BackupConfiguration CR.
Verify that the CronJob has been created using the following command,
$ kubectl get cronjob -n demo
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
trigger-sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup */5 * * * * 0 2m45s 3m25s
Verify BackupSession:
KubeStash triggers an instant backup as soon as the BackupConfiguration is ready. After that, backups are scheduled according to the specified schedule.
$ kubectl get backupsession -n demo -w
NAME INVOKER-TYPE INVOKER-NAME PHASE DURATION AGE
sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup-1724065200 BackupConfiguration sample-mysql-backup Succeeded 7m22s
We can see from the above output that the backup session has succeeded. Now, we are going to verify whether the backed up data has been stored in the backend.
Verify Backup:
Once a backup is complete, KubeStash will update the respective Repository CR to reflect the backup. Check that the repository sample-mysql-backup has been updated by the following command,
$ kubectl get repository -n demo gcs-mysql-repo
NAME INTEGRITY SNAPSHOT-COUNT SIZE PHASE LAST-SUCCESSFUL-BACKUP AGE
gcs-mysql-repo true 1 806 B Ready 8m27s 9m18s
At this moment we have one Snapshot. Run the following command to check the respective Snapshot which represents the state of a backup run for an application.
$ kubectl get snapshots -n demo -l=kubestash.com/repo-name=gcs-mysql-repo
NAME REPOSITORY SESSION SNAPSHOT-TIME DELETION-POLICY PHASE AGE
gcs-mysql-repo-sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup-1724065200 gcs-mysql-repo frequent-backup 2024-01-23T13:10:54Z Delete Succeeded 16h
Note: KubeStash creates a
Snapshotwith the following labels:
kubestash.com/app-ref-kind: <target-kind>kubestash.com/app-ref-name: <target-name>kubestash.com/app-ref-namespace: <target-namespace>kubestash.com/repo-name: <repository-name>These labels can be used to watch only the
Snapshots related to our target Database orRepository.
If we check the YAML of the Snapshot, we can find the information about the backed up components of the Database.
$ kubectl get snapshots -n demo gcs-mysql-repo-sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup-1724065200 -oyaml
apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: Snapshot
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2024-08-19T12:10:00Z"
finalizers:
- kubestash.com/cleanup
generation: 1
labels:
kubestash.com/app-ref-kind: MySQL
kubestash.com/app-ref-name: sample-mysql
kubestash.com/app-ref-namespace: demo
kubestash.com/repo-name: gcs-mysql-repo
annotations:
kubedb.com/db-version: 8.2.0
name: gcs-mysql-repo-sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup-1724065200
namespace: demo
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: storage.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
blockOwnerDeletion: true
controller: true
kind: Repository
name: gcs-mysql-repo
uid: 036a2605-0dcc-43bd-a921-363d5c3e8cf0
resourceVersion: "33742"
uid: d7f14919-4c31-4b46-84e9-0a75f303ad92
spec:
appRef:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: MySQL
name: sample-mysql
namespace: demo
backupSession: sample-mysql-backup-frequent-backup-1724065200
deletionPolicy: Delete
repository: gcs-mysql-repo
session: frequent-backup
snapshotID: 01J6V4P4J0R33C8EG0JWK82118
type: FullBackup
version: v1
status:
components:
dump:
driver: Restic
duration: 7.472499073s
integrity: true
path: repository/v1/frequent-backup/dump
phase: Succeeded
resticStats:
- hostPath: dumpfile.sql
id: fbab3af5c38f51b7aa9096799d8ce4b71ea0092dd8297526fed0adbd9f62f3f1
size: 3.657 MiB
uploaded: 1.036 MiB
size: 1.456 MiB
...
KubeStash uses the
mysqldumpcommand to take backups of target MySQL databases. Therefore, the component name for logical backups is set asdump.
Now, if we navigate to the GCS bucket, we will see the backed up data stored in the demo/mysql/repository/v1/frequent-backup/dump directory. KubeStash also keeps the backup for Snapshot YAMLs, which can be found in the demo/dep/snapshots directory.
Note: KubeStash stores all dumped data encrypted in the backup directory, meaning it remains unreadable until decrypted.
Restore
In this section, we are going to restore the database from the backup we have taken in the previous section. We are going to deploy a new database and initialize it from the backup.
Deploy Restored Database:
Now, we have to deploy the restored database similarly as we have deployed the original sample-mysql database. However, this time there will be the following differences:
- We are going to specify
.spec.init.waitForInitialRestorefield that tells KubeDB to wait for first restore to complete before marking this database is ready to use.
Below is the YAML for MySQL CRD we are going deploy to initialize from backup,
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1
kind: MySQL
metadata:
name: restored-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
init:
waitForInitialRestore: true
version: "8.2.0"
replicas: 3
topology:
mode: GroupReplication
storageType: Durable
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 50Mi
deletionPolicy: WipeOut
Let’s create the above database,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/restored-mysql.yaml
mysql.kubedb.com/restored-mysql created
If you check the database status, you will see it is stuck in Provisioning state.
$ kubectl get my -n demo restored-mysql
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
restored-mysql 8.2.0 Provisioning 61s
Create RestoreSession:
Now, we need to create a RestoreSession CRD pointing to targeted MySQL database.
Below, is the contents of YAML file of the RestoreSession object that we are going to create to restore backed up data into the newly created database provisioned by MySQL object named restored-mysql.
apiVersion: core.kubestash.com/v1alpha1
kind: RestoreSession
metadata:
name: restore-sample-mysql
namespace: demo
spec:
target:
apiGroup: kubedb.com
kind: MySQL
namespace: demo
name: restored-mysql
dataSource:
repository: gcs-mysql-repo
snapshot: latest
encryptionSecret:
name: encrypt-secret
namespace: demo
addon:
name: mysql-addon
tasks:
- name: logical-backup-restore
Here,
.spec.targetrefers to the newly createdrestored-mysqlMySQL object to where we want to restore backup data..spec.dataSource.repositoryspecifies the Repository object that holds the backed up data..spec.dataSource.snapshotspecifies to restore from latestSnapshot.
Let’s create the RestoreSession CRD object we have shown above,
$ kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubedb/docs/raw/v2024.9.30/docs/guides/mysql/backup/kubestash/logical/examples/restoresession.yaml
restoresession.core.kubestash.com/sample-mysql-restore created
Once, you have created the RestoreSession object, KubeStash will create restore Job. Run the following command to watch the phase of the RestoreSession object,
$ watch kubectl get restoresession -n demo
Every 2.0s: kubectl get restores... AppsCode-PC-03: Wed Aug 21 10:44:05 2024
NAME REPOSITORY FAILURE-POLICY PHASE DURATION AGE
sample-restore gcs-demo-repo Succeeded 3s 53s
The Succeeded phase means that the restore process has been completed successfully.
Verify Restored Data:
In this section, we are going to verify whether the desired data has been restored successfully. We are going to connect to the database server and check whether the database and the table we created earlier in the original database are restored.
At first, check if the database has gone into Ready state by the following command,
$ kubectl get my -n demo restored-mysql
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
restored-mysql 8.2.0 Ready 34m
Now, find out the database Pod by the following command,
$ kubectl get pods -n demo --selector="app.kubernetes.io/instance=restored-mysql"
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
restored-mysql-0 1/1 Running 0 39m
And then copy the user name and password of the root user to access into mysql shell.
$ kubectl get secret -n demo restored-mysql-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.username}'| base64 -d
root
$ kubectl get secret -n demo restored-mysql-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.password}'| base64 -d
QMm1hi0T*7QFz_yh
Now, let’s exec into the Pod to enter into mysql shell and verify restored data,
$ kubectl exec -it -n demo restored-mysql-0 -- mysql --user=root --password='QMm1hi0T*7QFz_yh'
Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, mysql-coordinator, mysql-init (init)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 243
Server version: 8.2.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| playground |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW TABLES IN playground;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_playground |
+----------------------+
| equipment |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM playground.equipment;
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| id | type | quant | color |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | slide | 2 | blue |
+----+-------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
So, from the above output, we can see that the playground database and the equipment table we have created earlier in the original database and now, they are restored successfully.
Cleanup
To cleanup the Kubernetes resources created by this tutorial, run:
kubectl delete backupconfigurations.core.kubestash.com -n demo sample-mysql-backup
kubectl delete restoresessions.core.kubestash.com -n demo restore-sample-mysql
kubectl delete retentionpolicies.storage.kubestash.com -n demo demo-retention
kubectl delete backupstorage -n demo gcs-storage
kubectl delete secret -n demo gcs-secret
kubectl delete secret -n demo encrypt-secret
kubectl delete my -n demo restored-mysql
kubectl delete my -n demo sample-mysql